ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。

# Y$ C* q/ c0 H0 g一、升级前状态
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
% T( v3 z! A9 b9 n! `$ }tmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm

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* C' ?" ?: b$ K- b7 p7 \无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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# D; }( ^; ]* ]4 z! p$ t[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
2 P/ C* u$ u: V. R3 _* }  ]* C! E% K[root@USER-SERVER ~]#

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安装所需包
1 m( B! R( [# a0 |源码安装：
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  x( x( O+ g, J' ]4 l2 j! jwget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
+ ]( |+ Y! ?+ p- xtar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
0 I7 e8 f% n3 g2 Q./configure
! h  A1 @0 }3 d* o* @make;make install
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$ V. ~/ M' `% y# ^RPM安装：
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yum -y install e2fsprogs
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, O, z( a( I& V  a$ L二、制作引导镜像
查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
* q2 x# h  ~9 k. b3 BCreating initramfs
8 X$ O2 z6 O8 C4 \' {( `, ULooking for deps of module ehci-hcd
: N( K, N7 n, WLooking for deps of module ohci-hcd
Looking for deps of module uhci-hcd
Looking for deps of module ext3: jbd
Looking for deps of module jbd
  `2 f" R( W2 Y) O$ \, fFound root device sda2 for LABEL=/
  r$ g8 F8 G6 {( U" H% \Looking for driver for device sda2
6 G  s- R7 \8 iLooking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
& U: x, q  h! D7 T; R$ F, P  g9 BLooking for deps of module scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
+ B/ p2 H6 }+ i4 \! v: |/ NLooking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
3 K6 {. o; Q8 @: ~Looking for driver for device sda3
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
/ p( [$ l3 J1 i* F! gLooking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
Looking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
Looking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
; ~' T9 f$ H& rLooking for deps of module dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-message
Looking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
Looking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
Looking for deps of module crc16
Looking for deps of module jbd2
Using modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
( m4 o1 b( `- O/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
/ f, J9 _7 }( h8 ]copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
3 @) I; d& f$ P  J  ^copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
5 r3 j0 ~+ T0 h# Z* Y( m% ?) ~copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
# x9 @$ T! F2 p0 k  g8 R' |copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
3 x$ f: h9 K7 u: X) Z) ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
! Q3 E- c0 ^/ P. b% u) tcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
( [% w( g5 W8 O& X2 R( _copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
0 h/ j/ c! u' ^9 d0 ^* pcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
% q0 a4 T7 O3 ocopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
* q" Y" n# ^( g. Xcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
! }# S1 R  ?3 G) {% H3 y' m. {copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
4 u* _0 S! G, _& a6 v" @) eAdding module ehci-hcd
Adding module ohci-hcd
Adding module uhci-hcd
Adding module jbd
/ T" ?4 |3 ^. ^9 c* ?" _Adding module ext3
Adding module scsi_mod
Adding module sd_mod
3 y: c* L; |' M+ bAdding module libata
Adding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
Adding module dm-mem-cache
Adding module dm-mod
8 {3 w5 m1 O5 z/ [1 cAdding module dm-log
) |+ G6 C$ t1 ^* V6 EAdding module dm-region_hash
# u" j$ U% I' ]% D7 aAdding module dm-message
1 K- w8 w( e- Q9 W4 {8 fAdding module dm-raid45
Adding module crc16
Adding module jbd2
Adding module ext4



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( r) J+ l6 J1 b* A# Q7 N重启
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot
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三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
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! o& [8 B( I" ?* c: Htune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/ s! N' L5 Q. S, N5 p8 \, aPlease run e2fsck on the filesystem.
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四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www
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' D+ S' r6 g+ i' A1 Z五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
将
9 `! ~9 p+ v- @) g: a7 MLABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
修改为
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
+ I. v) n% W5 s[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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- O) V3 w7 Q" v( A; [* Z, hoot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
' C" t% O# n: gLABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
- s) {7 i; g7 E5 ?+ F1 x% fdevpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
( f3 x( `" q2 a! U! eLABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
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六、升级后状态
ext4的特征全激活了：）
' r% [' z- {; d; R" `2 Q3 M#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
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- ~7 _; D/ n& P& c, m4 YFilesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize

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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
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Filesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
+ B* E4 D  ]# W9 v/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
( U/ W; i) q, x. ~2 y( b/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www

admin

Force fsck on boot using
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/forcefsckBy creating
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! w% A! ?$ C- E3 `5 C /forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system

check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR

" F* i5 w/ \: p. Y  I6 K* P$ sudo -s
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Change directory to root (/)

0 D7 W0 h. H; v! k  Edirectory [optional]:
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# cd /
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; r7 @- s" o- [$ z6 kCreate a file called forcefsck:
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# touch /forcefsck

Now, reboot the system:
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