ubuntu 系统配置网卡，直接networking restart失败。使用ifup interface 才生效

admin

root@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
interfaces    interfaces.d/
. d* l: e  t5 R' a/ Oroot@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
root@controller:~# service networking restart
' c1 l  E& O1 V/ `. N4 L' nstop: Job failed while stopping
start: Job is already running: networking
root@controller:~# ip addr
, p" f& T  L7 ]5 _$ u% g+ f1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
' W( h* ?3 j, H9 Q. r; A4 v4 |    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
* B( V9 y0 G$ z* f# ]. J. {  @       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6 t$ W6 M+ ?6 w6 i    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
  W3 U* j& ?. m       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
/ l5 n' r: L1 d4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
1 V  A, M+ m2 k1 N( B; q    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
. B, ^7 [& Y8 l) N    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2 E2 H0 a  s  T# O# p% ]; Q( k( s    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
5 P: K2 L1 I" S. |( X& J& j       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
, t, U6 c) B$ R. N* k& s4 Hroot@controller:~# /etc/init
3 h: [- w  m3 E3 N. V  u2 o( Hinit/            init.d/          initramfs-tools/
. _( w, w6 E% a! b' f5 @root@controller:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart
root@controller:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
) ~* E. j1 e; A9 U: |$ ]    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
7 r6 W+ z0 f. G# T4 v    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
; v2 r" c* ?) _9 R" U8 m- `- y0 L       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1 y* A: e9 E6 i: T0 P# g    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
) N0 W0 ?' V% g( S2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
$ }+ T& J0 M$ ]- J) J9 k( u    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9 c% g' _: H1 D+ p% n% d* L$ p! l3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
  y( Y2 d' v! K/ I$ ]* A4 B5 E    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
6 _6 J8 ?; ?  @0 @9 x    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
+ d1 m& x0 Q- |: x0 R9 Broot@controller:~# ifup eth0
% L% ~* V  c& gInternet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.4
) h% U, v7 f) ^; BCopyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
/ B. |2 c) d) K4 Y2 }' EFor info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:8c:59:8c
$ y8 A8 ^& V9 I% m6 S2 h, m6 ]+ fSending on   LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:8c:59:8c
$ f. e$ K& i/ d; L# E9 S8 ~Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xeb67d11f)

$ T( G" s# Y4 ?9 |+ sDHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xeb67d11f)
& T  u9 G2 N% y6 M

DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8 (xid=0xeb67d11f)
* Q( t' E* x& V
: @3 h$ N* n# D
* ^% Z9 O+ G' N- M4 v. ?1 \( Lroot@controller:~# ip addr
& {+ V4 ]' g& L0 ^( S5 X5 {' U1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
7 T- Y6 {1 L! Q$ Y( o! D) E       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
, _. s3 [; T7 q9 L2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:598c/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
/ M; ]  h7 g* i  [4 W    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
$ ~) x: p, G) n; Y" ]$ M& z$ n# i    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
* a! ^, q2 w0 Q1 k( v6 q3 {; X" D    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5 z. ~" T4 z! S5 ^% ?    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
0 a2 e1 H$ m2 j( [& n- _root@controller:~# ifup eth1
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.4
Copyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
3 n/ \, Y% h: V) `2 ^9 nFor info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:8c:59:96
) Z0 h1 r7 R" q! p- W0 K  `Sending on   LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:8c:59:96
  i% E1 p. P9 o1 ~+ q* }9 I6 ZSending on   Socket/fallback
$ @3 l) U( v$ J: gDHCPDISCOVER on eth1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x21870d6a)
3 V% b8 `+ ?* i- V# Y+ }/ WDHCPREQUEST of 171.10.91.128 on eth1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6a0d8721)
DHCPOFFER of 171.10.91.128 from 171.10.91.254
DHCPACK of 171.10.91.128 from 171.10.91.254
bound to 171.10.91.128 -- renewal in 899 seconds.
. Y- s3 W) k7 y# Y7 y: ^3 Croot@controller:~#
root@controller:~#
$ e3 i* K+ L+ ?" g, [9 y' \( ~root@controller:~#
* j: C5 r: U4 [+ zroot@controller:~# ifup eth0
) ]1 H1 z# [. \; Vifup: interface eth0 already configured
7 y; ~; I! X1 c+ \" Wroot@controller:~# ifup eth2
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.4
% Y  u+ N0 d$ T1 Z. |, L( GCopyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium.
' G& D4 o7 o1 Q( J2 f" F/ `3 s! xAll rights reserved.
, J* J( Q0 k4 h7 ]# G' Q1 [6 UFor info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
- c# j% s5 O7 g! y2 a, L9 n: CListening on LPF/eth2/00:0c:29:8c:59:a0
6 X  `+ H9 @6 [" C' GSending on   LPF/eth2/00:0c:29:8c:59:a0
; Z2 G* H" v7 \Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth2 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x685a54b)
  \2 v. a. _+ U4 i" c. ]: i! TDHCPREQUEST of 162.96.90.128 on eth2 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x4ba58506)
DHCPOFFER of 162.96.90.128 from 162.96.90.254
2 W; N/ n/ M9 U9 r6 Y2 p/ [0 y4 g/ IDHCPACK of 162.96.90.128 from 162.96.90.254
bound to 162.96.90.128 -- renewal in 823 seconds.
root@controller:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
- I/ O' r- E+ h1 J3 S9 U    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
& M- s6 U8 ^0 @% d  b    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
' `, ~. w; o' u* z+ X, D: s    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
* d, x% ?9 F3 G2 c       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
/ h: m+ F5 c0 H) {    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
0 q( A2 }1 O6 f6 {0 {5 b5 M& B0 b    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:598c/64 scope link
! V& e% S4 A' _* e! Y       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
" Y( d  k8 A* D7 G! t, }+ e/ g2 i& q/ Y3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
7 U/ T6 w0 f3 W0 |7 X% I    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 171.10.91.128/24 brd 171.10.91.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2 _/ @* z* V5 d    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:5996/64 scope link
1 y& ~9 m/ m. P/ M5 K       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6 ~* k& E9 Q# R5 W4 M4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 162.96.90.128/24 brd 162.96.90.255 scope global eth2
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59a0/64 scope link
5 T9 J* G% a: `. @       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
  J0 L6 G8 L4 d+ t    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1 Y% m+ {* K: J  T$ x; z3 o    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
: Y* p* H5 K1 ^+ M0 ?6 Iroot@controller:~# reboot
root@controller:~#
! J; n: f3 w' V; KBroadcast message from root@controller
" F$ f# i4 H0 d. A: R. o (/dev/pts/0) at 11:25 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
( Y! _1 c) |  K; v0 R; t

admin

Ubuntu14.04修改配置，重启网卡没有生效，出现如下问题：

# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS \n \l
# service  networking restart
stop: Job failed while stopping
+ x" s1 F* i1 D& |. W& lstart: Job is already running: networking
. P1 `6 C: N1 ?* y0 p) P4 N# tail -f /var/log/upstart/networking.log
4 @4 b2 w3 X, g, c6 Q  bStopping or restarting the networking job is not supported.
Use ifdown & ifup to reconfigure desired interface.
2 Y6 l  q/ x# h从以上日志内容可以看出，传统的service重启和停止网络已经不再支持了，需要通过使用ifdown & ifup来实现相应的操作。
6 k  C1 y8 F# ~+ u
重启指定网卡
6 l+ h) z3 ^5 ?) h$ i" T0 b# ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
4 l$ U8 w4 \/ P: Q重启除lo网卡的所有网卡
# ifdown --exclude=lo -a && sudo ifup --exclude=lo -a
配置桥接
# apt-get install bridge-utils
# m- q5 I+ {- P; m7 A# cat /etc/network/interfaces
0 J& A, _- w" C9 Sauto lo
iface lo inet loopback
7 j  b  b; U' ~0 n( A
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
' a# J1 O1 H' Y$ C+ A; ~+ Q% ~/ K
' m" U" r7 j" Z* _9 K' ], rauto br0
, P: O" n/ N  a* V+ `- Iiface br0 inet static
! z! q3 ~1 f6 a& ?0 Z" G% B$ [" _address 192.168.0.10
, ?* V2 z; L2 dnetmask 255.255.255.0
: T% x  w5 u) d, R2 Jgateway 192.168.0.1
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_stp off
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
5 f3 [, T) m+ j! Z& Q/ odns-nameservers 192.168.0.1
: D9 G! t/ s+ M' }/ I  |5 g# ifup br0
7 h1 C# `+ f: \# brctl  show
! }* K/ P( n$ N  c" v% t) ubridge name   bridge id       STP enabled interfaces
5 n# B! Z* ~/ M: s: Ebr0       8000.02000a0080e1   no      eth0

admin

root@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
% D& {. v4 S+ c" Q# |; J: K) Dauto eth3
8 {- x! z/ W- Y- |7 siface eth3 inet static
address 192.168.13.155
8 K& w! {9 X" R+ R1 Nnetmask 255.255.255.0
: S4 A" D& H2 D7 Mgateway 192.168.13.2
dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114

( l9 S; b7 f# p# ~保存退出，重新启动网卡：
ifdown eth3 && ifup eth3 &

admin

root@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
" q) J0 V: D. n+ e+ z& Eroot@controller:~# ifdown eth1 eth2
( _, R! F- g; |$ y; G( V; Xroot@controller:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
/ P0 a0 y* K0 g) i3 W9 {    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
0 q4 M5 w2 `1 z5 z: P2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:598c/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
0 t- n/ C- t: R: K6 H3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
* N% l; b% V. a+ {3 E; k- o    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
; c% {- w/ a4 Z& e9 e! r- q5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
6 k/ }1 r6 y- l) \$ q0 [    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4 R7 P7 s0 X- w    inet 192.168.13.155/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
' }+ K9 G9 J( e' L       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
9 C4 _1 B, Q$ Z7 M, q' Z       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@controller:~# ifup  eth1 eth2
# ~8 A% {2 n8 C% |& X% QError: an inet prefix is expected rather than "171.10.91.128/255.255.225.0".
: @) V. s% G1 ^& `9 HFailed to bring up eth1.
Error: an inet prefix is expected rather than "162.96.90.155/255.255.225.0".
Failed to bring up eth2.
9 Q& W7 f7 A, x& s
root@controller:~# ifdown  eth1 eth2
, A8 c, k; C: Z9 Z5 Troot@controller:~# ifup  eth1 eth2
root@controller:~#
. X$ A* c" a1 v: {5 [& C2 t