pip install mysqlclient错误提示

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pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached mysqlclient-2.2.4.tar.gz (90 kB)
$ |( I! M" A9 O1 U4 j  Installing build dependencies ... done
% S1 y' q' u6 i8 ?; M+ P  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
/ z' n! q$ @/ t4 ~  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
! k3 n) J  W3 V6 ]8 l5 OBuilding wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) ... error
2 W) Y+ }( g+ w. V4 _9 K/ T5 ~  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
- D) P' x6 j: n2 H9 h2 T6 s; G  ╰─> [63 lines of output]
      # Options for building extension module:
# x6 w" Z1 z! k& ]  i0 |        extra_compile_args: ['-I/usr/include/mysql', '-std=c99']
* S! `* l7 D7 [( k/ W: D        extra_link_args: ['-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu']
        define_macros: [('version_info', (2, 2, 4, 'final', 0)), ('__version__', '2.2.4')]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
7 U( A) N8 p6 G9 s' ~3 _      running build_py
" d. @# M( x0 p      creating build
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312
      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
3 X8 r/ R; F4 V) j8 D& X      copying src/MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
' R. |$ m( U4 ?+ ^7 @      copying src/MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
2 x) _1 T. v- k6 S      copying src/MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
      copying src/MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
      copying src/MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
2 L8 ?' [( @1 p0 I9 W3 n      copying src/MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
. [* K$ @( ]5 j, ]5 y      copying src/MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
, {, q+ p' z0 A1 z/ g      creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
      copying src/MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
" {0 M, \8 k6 ]! U$ p1 C6 d      copying src/MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
      copying src/MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
0 b. N* Q3 h2 a- S# Y' ^      copying src/MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
      copying src/MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
& `+ a, Q/ z6 e! ~) w      copying src/MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb/constants
      running egg_info
      writing src/mysqlclient.egg-info/PKG-INFO
( \5 a. A2 a' ^, }      writing dependency_links to src/mysqlclient.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
      writing top-level names to src/mysqlclient.egg-info/top_level.txt
; d5 O6 q/ M4 I      reading manifest file 'src/mysqlclient.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
      adding license file 'LICENSE'
      writing manifest file 'src/mysqlclient.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
2 X! z: ]& H" f6 m0 y" G: \      copying src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/MySQLdb
3 _" g4 m! \5 f      running build_ext
      building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-312
7 Z) n2 o1 X/ s" B" M1 Z      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/src
; G" y$ f7 S: U0 m5 f      creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/src/MySQLdb
      gcc -std=gnu11 -pthread -fno-strict-overflow -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -Wall -fPIC "-Dversion_info=(2, 2, 4, 'final', 0)" -D__version__=2.2.4 -I/usr/local/python312/include/python3.12 -c src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-cpython-312/src/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -I/usr/include/mysql -std=c99
      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c: 在函数‘_mysql_ConnectionObject_Initialize’中:
3 I0 r: a0 s2 R4 i  d3 k2 M0 ?' u8 V      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:539:44: 错误：‘MYSQL_OPT_SSL_KEY’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
               mysql_options(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_KEY, key);
                                                  ^
, z3 Y5 h; l! d0 P0 ]      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:539:44: 附注：每个未声明的标识符在其出现的函数内只报告一次
2 p9 h; w' c9 D$ X      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:540:44: 错误：‘MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CERT’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
               mysql_options(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CERT, cert);
                                                  ^
% r; L% {" h5 ~: t' q      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:541:44: 错误：‘MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CA’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
               mysql_options(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CA, ca);
" P+ R9 Y7 m" `# f- \. ^0 y, c+ ]                                                  ^
      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:542:44: 错误：‘MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CAPATH’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
               mysql_options(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CAPATH, capath);
. |5 K) J& [" b0 \  w2 j$ p) M& G6 Q                                                  ^
# s3 x: y+ E6 b/ _$ T      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:543:44: 错误：‘MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CIPHER’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
               mysql_options(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_CIPHER, cipher);
! c0 @8 A* e! v                                                  ^
      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:556:13: 警告：隐式声明函数‘mysql_optionsv’ [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
. ]2 ?) r6 H  ], X/ d3 F0 G                   mysql_optionsv(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_ENFORCE, (void *)&enforce_tls);
                   ^
' N+ E8 b* }% `; n7 _* o      src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:556:49: 错误：‘MYSQL_OPT_SSL_ENFORCE’未声明(在此函数内第一次使用)
, j4 H% N3 R6 B& T. g# }                   mysql_optionsv(&(self->connection), MYSQL_OPT_SSL_ENFORCE, (void *)&enforce_tls);
                                                       ^
      error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit code 1
* l- E. j9 ~$ g0 @; q" K      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
) w5 ^. x* p4 f8 Q  e  ERROR: Failed building wheel for mysqlclient
+ j/ ^0 e9 S! @$ jFailed to build mysqlclient
: U+ S2 M/ i* {& bERROR: ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some pyproject.toml based projects (mysqlclient)




解决方法：

! ]7 ?1 S) r: Z' g4 A& y降低mysqlclient 版本，替换mysqlclient-2.0.2 为1：

apache-airflow-providers-mysql==5.4.0
mysqlclient==2.1.0


. L/ f" C% K4 B  m3 m) I
9 D0 [$ O# h; m; v

admin

[root@python-flask ~]# pip install mysqlclient
Collecting mysqlclient
( T8 h) H' d7 d5 L2 @" _8 `  Using cached mysqlclient-2.2.4.tar.gz (90 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
, v1 o0 t% n0 b1 M4 O  `* `5 S  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
: L9 a; ~0 Z& n) i- ^" R  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
( X& i8 z+ k7 g* \' N" f- s( J  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [27 lines of output]
8 e# x$ ?/ S, j6 s7 C+ `      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
2 L, ]! f( j1 Z6 G! z      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
6 ]' ~& d' C) s      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists libmariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists libmariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
* Y4 Z3 p* m. t6 \5 @, q8 W! C2 P3 F      Traceback (most recent call last):
+ R9 I. D, _" z6 \& V        File "/usr/local/python312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/usr/local/python312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
* e; l, q3 c% }9 V. x9 o" i/ J                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/usr/local/python312/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- n* s' P3 l6 A1 L. N. r        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-w2b8dsud/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 327, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
' k5 A2 E) c- e# \1 ]  U                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-w2b8dsud/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 297, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
4 c  l' j( h+ E: D( J; F7 R" r        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-w2b8dsud/overlay/lib/python3.12/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 313, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
1 e0 r; r# N2 z8 _; \        File "<string>", line 155, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 49, in get_config_posix
2 m- o  q; C- b0 a3 K9 t+ {        File "<string>", line 28, in find_package_name
5 Z  z# a/ [3 N1 @) W. p  J      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
8 @% `. ~% i+ v9 H! y% {/ Q  h      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
4 D0 a% B1 r: Y. @0 }4 t      [end of output]
  
" |9 m2 S6 |8 c2 c6 `  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
9 ]. W6 |8 y- |% T( Y$ B0 W$ G2 Q8 _error: subprocess-exited-with-error

. x, E/ I" |) j, B× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

* ^; h, _& Y! {' ^( K; H5 nnote: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
3 b( ]& Q: y& G[root@python-flask ~]# pip install mysqlclient==2.1.0
$ `. H* S7 y2 d4 D& M" gCollecting mysqlclient==2.1.0
  Downloading mysqlclient-2.1.0.tar.gz (87 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 87.6/87.6 kB 635.5 kB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
1 I3 X. s: y1 q6 U  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
  Building wheel for mysqlclient (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for mysqlclient: filename=mysqlclient-2.1.0-cp312-cp312-linux_x86_64.whl size=102434 sha256=9195914c669fe1b57f256214d711095c10e05799fdf3b2033541f88830a69b6d
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/b1/b6/8d/eb165ad207cde6784a606ec0a5bdd7a5b5c9241bad361d1623
Successfully built mysqlclient
- C) {, g; t$ Q8 F" i5 t% FInstalling collected packages: mysqlclient
) z; d9 }: H+ t7 H* x3 D  G4 ISuccessfully installed mysqlclient-2.1.0
( Y' }; X4 O+ ^# b5 aWARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager, possibly rendering your system unusable.It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv. Use the --root-user-action option if you know what you are doing and want to suppress this warning.
# c. A5 d. r2 x+ a3 I- S1 g

admin

安装失败还有一个原因可能是因为环境不干净导致。