psutil 的功能python实现一个服务器信息的简单监控

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Example usages
% Q6 r: ~# p6 i2 O2 j8 r
7 W) m" B4 m3 ]! g/ W1 sCPU
>>> import psutil
  J8 }8 ?  W, I) B>>> psutil.cpu_times()
- m! h/ P8 ~5 @7 K8 r8 M9 Xscputimes(user=3961.46, nice=169.729, system=2150.659, idle=16900.540, iowait=629.59, irq=0.0, softirq=19.42, steal=0.0, guest=0, nice=0.0)
>>>
" M4 d: j9 y- |: [. ]>>> for x in range(3):
...     psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
...
, D9 `" P4 B1 q; u4.0
5.9
( S( k$ L( k5 i" u) n2 v, L# T& q3.8
>>>
# p! Y& C& g. K9 D>>> for x in range(3):
# ?* a8 N& x6 e; e...     psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True)
2 H, z5 a0 c+ t, ^. n7 f...
[4.0, 6.9, 3.7, 9.2]
  {7 [, ?' |" y! C" |[7.0, 8.5, 2.4, 2.1]
# a; d. ^) A1 |4 ?8 p[1.2, 9.0, 9.9, 7.2]
>>>
( N) P$ \3 J! H9 @! V1 _& V>>> for x in range(3):
...     psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=1, percpu=False)
7 A$ ~- b' n9 V, K; I$ H...
0 o1 O$ C$ @0 F' x" Dscputimes(user=1.5, nice=0.0, system=0.5, idle=96.5, iowait=1.5, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
- Y& j& J" [6 N* g- vscputimes(user=1.0, nice=0.0, system=0.0, idle=99.0, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
) N0 R' [' g4 |  zscputimes(user=2.0, nice=0.0, system=0.0, idle=98.0, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
$ W& n7 b! D8 U0 E( b' s>>>
>>> psutil.cpu_count()
5 }/ K- J* o5 C" ]4
# h2 C2 g* N; j>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
- ~; y; U  t/ ~: w. M2
>>>
>>> psutil.cpu_stats()
- U# }+ j4 Z1 E! T5 `& Mscpustats(ctx_switches=20455687, interrupts=6598984, soft_interrupts=2134212, syscalls=0)
>>>
>>> psutil.cpu_freq()
scpufreq(current=931.42925, min=800.0, max=3500.0)
>>>
! n) r2 o( A) }0 k+ ^Memory
>>> import psutil
0 I3 T8 P% e, Q1 r1 x>>> psutil.virtual_memory()
2 D; y% L# T) m0 v' Usvmem(total=10367352832, available=6472179712, percent=37.6, used=8186245120, free=2181107712, active=4748992512, inactive=2758115328, buffers=790724608, cached=3500347392, shared=787554304)
2 }% o  v% w6 ?4 ~% q( y+ b- {. E>>> psutil.swap_memory()
sswap(total=2097147904, used=296128512, free=1801019392, percent=14.1, sin=304193536, sout=677842944)
>>>
Disks
# u: [1 ]% w! s7 E* V% |& T  i' M>>> import psutil
9 u# ^$ t4 Q, C8 c3 q; C>>> psutil.disk_partitions()
[sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw,nosuid'),
. N6 \7 U7 {: \8 @: k sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda2', mountpoint='/home', fstype='ext, opts='rw')]
>>>
>>> psutil.disk_usage('/')
5 n. V# e0 I9 S; Vsdiskusage(total=21378641920, used=4809781248, free=15482871808, percent=22.5)
; s5 S: K6 B6 N" c6 {% U% F) J& s>>>
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=False)
sdiskio(read_count=719566, write_count=1082197, read_bytes=18626220032, write_bytes=24081764352, read_time=5023392, write_time=63199568, read_merged_count=619166, write_merged_count=812396, busy_time=4523412)
>>>
Network
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
6 {7 K' M0 F! a' [- _{'eth0': netio(bytes_sent=485291293, bytes_recv=6004858642, packets_sent=3251564, packets_recv=4787798, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0),
'lo': netio(bytes_sent=2838627, bytes_recv=2838627, packets_sent=30567, packets_recv=30567, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}
( D0 q9 A( y9 }* a( d>>>
>>> psutil.net_connections()
5 `$ j! S9 i; B% e$ f[sconn(fd=115, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=48776), raddr=addr(ip='93.186.135.91', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED', pid=1254),
7 n& y  g7 u  p1 D% E sconn(fd=117, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=43761), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.100', port=80), status='CLOSING', pid=2987),
sconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=60759), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.104', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED', pid=None),
sconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=51314), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.83', port=443), status='SYN_SENT', pid=None)
3 F! X& }% G* c3 w" N- o$ X! V3 g ...]
>>>
>>> psutil.net_if_addrs()
, D/ J8 x$ ]: b% P0 w( ~! ]{'lo': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast='127.0.0.1', ptp=None),
        snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
: j5 z. W4 n/ Z& p! q        snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast='00:00:00:00:00:00', ptp=None)],
'wlan0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.1.3', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.1.255', ptp=None),
% h) g3 k* Q# W2 i$ O           snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::c685:8ff:fe45:641%wlan0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
           snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address='c4:85:08:45:06:41', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}
; Y, P9 x/ z/ z5 f>>>
>>> psutil.net_if_stats()
{'eth0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL: 2>, speed=100, mtu=1500),
+ x9 c7 \% x* w; q0 @/ ` 'lo': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=65536)}
>>>
$ m  k( R3 _+ j  O" USensors
>>> import psutil
# _. U  F. s$ u- A; o>>> psutil.sensors_temperatures()
' S; C1 u# K8 v7 n) e$ V{'acpitz': [shwtemp(label='', current=47.0, high=103.0, critical=103.0)],
- T; p) F) q3 E' V. b- w9 w 'asus': [shwtemp(label='', current=47.0, high=None, critical=None)],
  {, t- z( M: z1 G' z" X 'coretemp': [shwtemp(label='Physical id 0', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
. s6 T$ p! Q9 T# h              shwtemp(label='Core 0', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
. S% F' ^% D/ a! B# ^              shwtemp(label='Core 1', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 2', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
( D3 J+ s& Y& I6 F              shwtemp(label='Core 3', current=47.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0)]}
+ e; c1 h1 ?- q% C! D# m>>>
/ q5 A3 s, _8 K, {; i>>> psutil.sensors_fans()
{'asus': [sfan(label='cpu_fan', current=3200)]}
>>>
  o! d, Q7 h& j  L) |>>> psutil.sensors_battery()
  \' C* l0 @6 |; d+ J! G  msbattery(percent=93, secsleft=16628, power_plugged=False)
/ V5 P! M2 w- y; j3 `6 X>>>
Other system info
>>> import psutil
" u: ~- ?( o7 L( L; m1 A0 n- x% s>>> psutil.users()
[suser(name='giampaolo', terminal='pts/2', host='localhost', started=1340737536.0, pid=1352),
$ E; a6 X1 [' ~# C  A0 @: Q1 | suser(name='giampaolo', terminal='pts/3', host='localhost', started=1340737792.0, pid=1788)]
>>>
& X+ \. w; c, x4 ?( g7 S1 E- B+ {>>> psutil.boot_time()
1365519115.0
$ Y+ F) R- Q" m# e. f; A>>>
2 S3 i% g$ V, \# a9 i( hProcess management
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.pids()
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 46, 48, 50, 51, 178, 182, 222, 223, 224, 268, 1215, 1216, 1220, 1221, 1243, 1244,
1301, 1601, 2237, 2355, 2637, 2774, 3932, 4176, 4177, 4185, 4187, 4189, 4225, 4243, 4245, 4263, 4282,
4306, 4311, 4312, 4313, 4314, 4337, 4339, 4357, 4358, 4363, 4383, 4395, 4408, 4433, 4443, 4445, 4446,
5167, 5234, 5235, 5252, 5318, 5424, 5644, 6987, 7054, 7055, 7071]
! n0 c0 M% ]; O# A# ~>>>
9 @5 ^4 J0 [5 q& @>>> p = psutil.Process(7055)
>>> p.name()
'python'
4 o+ N2 M2 X0 P; p0 r, @0 O>>> p.exe()
'/usr/bin/python'
' @1 U2 E4 M1 N% u>>> p.cwd()
# r4 S! Z# I5 `; k'/home/giampaolo'
>>> p.cmdline()
, t$ S% d9 v; f# n- K['/usr/bin/python', 'main.py']
>>>
>>> p.pid
( W6 W+ |( o- L$ q( j7055
3 e+ u" ]4 E+ |- a+ i( l! @>>> p.ppid()
7054
>>> p.parent()
. u7 e, y  w+ M+ L8 ]2 |<psutil.Process(pid=7054, name='bash') at 140008329539408>
>>> p.children()
[<psutil.Process(pid=8031, name='python') at 14020832451977>,
<psutil.Process(pid=8044, name='python') at 19229444921932>]
>>>
' U% U4 Q) T, x>>> p.status()
$ R5 m3 I6 Q/ e& |'running'
2 p( T" s, E) r% O>>> p.username()
; j, [5 I  N3 P7 x8 X. i'giampaolo'
2 z) P- d2 U' @0 N' {9 z& o1 ~$ R>>> p.create_time()
' ^! Q% T1 f+ h  b1267551141.5019531
>>> p.terminal()
" T7 K; @. n0 @3 B8 Q7 w' ^" C! e$ k'/dev/pts/0'
" K' U+ [& ]* x1 _2 S: q: q$ G& c>>>
- d1 E4 z* {: P>>> p.uids()
( l' M* O& w3 y" ?- h  hpuids(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000)
# B8 v& D7 X7 K4 g3 D, |' Z" k) j+ h>>> p.gids()
2 V  A3 \8 l, P/ K' Ppgids(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000)
5 J* }5 z. X) L  J7 X>>>
>>> p.cpu_times()
- E. |1 d4 }' O& C0 f; c$ w" Jpcputimes(user=1.02, system=0.31, children_user=0.32, children_system=0.1)
>>> p.cpu_percent(interval=1.0)
12.1
) t/ n2 B) [  T- j7 O/ X, d>>> p.cpu_affinity()
[0, 1, 2, 3]
>>> p.cpu_affinity([0, 1])  # set
>>> p.cpu_num()
1
>>>
2 F7 S2 u3 E" E) N/ }7 L>>> p.memory_info()
pmem(rss=10915840, vms=67608576, shared=3313664, text=2310144, lib=0, data=7262208, dirty=0)
% Y: _/ v- Z9 c7 s. v>>> p.memory_full_info()  # "real" USS memory usage (Linux, OSX, Win only)
  e: O# A9 Y* l0 T7 t; W" Ppfullmem(rss=10199040, vms=52133888, shared=3887104, text=2867200, lib=0, data=5967872, dirty=0, uss=6545408, pss=6872064, swap=0)
>>> p.memory_percent()
0.7823
( |6 N7 k% [9 Y* \1 H3 |>>> p.memory_maps()
; Y3 T/ Z' h+ ]! u' Y* P[pmmap_grouped(path='/lib/x8664-linux-gnu/libutil-2.15.so', rss=32768, size=2125824, pss=32768, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=20480, private_dirty=12288, referenced=32768, anonymous=12288, swap=0),
7 ]5 t$ U* Y, O5 A  j, s pmmap_grouped(path='/lib/x8664-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so', rss=3821568, size=3842048, pss=3821568, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=3821568, referenced=3575808, anonymous=3821568, swap=0),
pmmap_grouped(path='/lib/x8664-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.0.1', rss=34124, rss=32768, size=2134016, pss=15360, shared_clean=24576, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=8192, referenced=24576, anonymous=8192, swap=0),
pmmap_grouped(path='[heap]',  rss=32768, size=139264, pss=32768, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=32768, referenced=32768, anonymous=32768, swap=0),
pmmap_grouped(path='[stack]', rss=2465792, size=2494464, pss=2465792, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=2465792, referenced=2277376, anonymous=2465792, swap=0),
+ _  e! M0 ?: t; q! {+ B. \ ...]
4 t1 r" P$ {) W" j>>>
) m( d9 \! ]! |  s. k: H) G>>> p.io_counters()
pio(read_count=478001, write_count=59371, read_bytes=700416, write_bytes=69632, read_chars=456232, write_chars=517543)
>>>
1 ~" k2 C$ m  B$ h# y0 E>>> p.open_files()
[popenfile(path='/home/giampaolo/svn/psutil/setup.py', fd=3, position=0, mode='r', flags=32768),
5 E3 K. Y) I  Q' S; R( s popenfile(path='/var/log/monitd', fd=4, position=235542, mode='a', flags=33793)]
" R$ z+ y* }, i# q>>>
, y5 f. n# M6 p# Y( m>>> p.connections()
[pconn(fd=115, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=48776), raddr=addr(ip='93.186.135.91', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED'),
pconn(fd=117, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=43761), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.100', port=80), status='CLOSING'),
pconn(fd=119, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=60759), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.104', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED'),
pconn(fd=123, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=51314), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.83', port=443), status='SYN_SENT')]
; o' i/ e# e: H* _5 n>>>
>>> p.num_threads()
4
  `, i; i% ]- p. c2 `2 R6 a>>> p.num_fds()
8
>>> p.threads()
[pthread(id=5234, user_time=22.5, system_time=9.2891),
- M% S: {/ h; J% Q: c. ^ pthread(id=5235, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0),
pthread(id=5236, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0),
pthread(id=5237, user_time=0.0707, system_time=1.1)]
4 s3 z& n4 X0 h( p>>>
>>> p.num_ctx_switches()
6 D, I) @, S) P# ~' ]) r; E# {pctxsw(voluntary=78, involuntary=19)
>>>
# Z$ o: R! b3 J0 k>>> p.nice()
0
8 }$ s" T" s3 w* V8 m>>> p.nice(10)  # set
- ~% i# l& P  `>>>
>>> p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE)  # IO priority (Win and Linux only)
, e4 u9 ^( r% b& h1 e8 |  l>>> p.ionice()
7 G4 V# b2 y9 d! J4 B, X! Cpionice(ioclass=<IOPriority.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE: 3>, value=0)
! N& B7 r7 F2 Y. M2 T- d5 v>>>
# c, i2 u% X  u: D+ l; O/ x9 M>>> p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (5, 5))  # set resource limits (Linux only)
>>> p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
(5, 5)
$ r& n1 H" b  h  E: y* {" o8 s! p( D>>>
>>> p.environ()
{'LC_PAPER': 'it_IT.UTF-8', 'SHELL': '/bin/bash', 'GREP_OPTIONS': '--color=auto',
'XDG_CONFIG_DIRS': '/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg', 'COLORTERM': 'gnome-terminal',
' [0 |, G1 o& w/ D' v- \' P$ x ...}
: [' _1 C  }* e- H7 l. k3 ^' V& w* h>>>
>>> p.as_dict()
{'status': 'running', 'num_ctx_switches': pctxsw(voluntary=63, involuntary=1), 'pid': 5457, ...}
( o; S. Q' y% l& \& U2 n>>> p.is_running()
True
* l, @. P4 J6 B! y6 O$ `  j- ~>>> p.suspend()
% z3 f0 F, W2 b4 U6 V) L9 b( E4 z>>> p.resume()
>>>
>>> p.terminate()
. l4 T7 v0 T; ]>>> p.wait(timeout=3)
0
7 ]7 [6 T3 A* n( Y, b>>>
+ y* d; Z+ y0 J5 d# }. z- t4 m% h: E>>> psutil.test()
/ y" q/ j+ n4 s' _0 iUSER         PID %CPU %MEM     VSZ     RSS TTY        START    TIME  COMMAND
5 @* ^' k) e2 ?5 I4 Y9 R/ K2 g7 vroot           1  0.0  0.0   24584    2240            Jun17   00:00  init
root           2  0.0  0.0       0       0            Jun17   00:00  kthreadd
root           3  0.0  0.0       0       0            Jun17   00:05  ksoftirqd/0
...
& Z# ]. }/ \; Xgiampaolo  31475  0.0  0.0   20760    3024 /dev/pts/0 Jun19   00:00  python2.4
5 I" r& g; \& kgiampaolo  31721  0.0  2.2  773060  181896            00:04   10:30  chrome
8 v& h# w, ?5 A, froot       31763  0.0  0.0       0       0            00:05   00:00  kworker/0:1
: W7 P( @" q  L+ U' C5 ^8 m4 s7 m>>>
Further process APIs
4 @( z3 ~7 i# O0 C$ r3 z>>> import psutil
>>> for proc in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid', 'name']):
% R1 f2 U" k; p5 i, P* F...     print(proc.info)
7 _% D1 Z: z& p! \* e...
  K9 X6 W! g! S: e+ R* g# R( q{'pid': 1, 'name': 'systemd'}
0 e- s. V5 p& q* F( Q8 ^* j- r{'pid': 2, 'name': 'kthreadd'}
! B7 h. z& A1 l) ]' \{'pid': 3, 'name': 'ksoftirqd/0'}
# m/ K5 [: z2 _...
& _$ w& E0 I1 m; {>>>
>>> psutil.pid_exists(3)
% q) v/ v. Y6 D. b+ b; rTrue
. n& J3 D1 j/ ~  i' v: B>>>
>>> def on_terminate(proc):
...     print("process {} terminated".format(proc))
...
& d, ]1 s: y8 e7 F: X( v" L0 X2 p>>> # waits for multiple processes to terminate
2 }% o& s6 S) {3 `3 L>>> gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(procs_list, timeout=3, callback=on_terminate)
* S) E  |7 s, m; T9 q>>>
Popen wrapper:

9 V' q. t9 _5 d6 A3 c9 B$ S3 ]>>> import psutil
% o; F: c; ]1 r( R>>> from subprocess import PIPE
7 m  r: U+ C3 @! S* S/ d>>> p = psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python", "-c", "print('hello')"], stdout=PIPE)
$ z, p" ^+ a5 M/ H' L1 k>>> p.name()
'python'
# I' w" h( c$ r7 w. O- q>>> p.username()
'giampaolo'
>>> p.communicate()
/ s3 D, v- T" Z. f('hello\n', None)
, v0 q0 S, X7 w8 Q9 _& K>>> p.wait(timeout=2)
9 m( w( e+ P3 N5 a0
>>>
: @) ]- r! l" w& iWindows services
>>> list(psutil.win_service_iter())
+ n( ~6 F' {1 L[<WindowsService(name='AeLookupSvc', display_name='Application Experience') at 38850096>,
) h4 ?' o9 ~/ L <WindowsService(name='ALG', display_name='Application Layer Gateway Service') at 38850128>,
<WindowsService(name='APNMCP', display_name='Ask Update Service') at 38850160>,
5 f/ P! `- W9 M9 _, @+ ^ <WindowsService(name='AppIDSvc', display_name='Application Identity') at 38850192>,
...]
>>> s = psutil.win_service_get('alg')
5 s0 l  ^% f; f9 U1 T  Z) D1 t>>> s.as_dict()
{'binpath': 'C:\\Windows\\System32\\alg.exe',
'description': 'Provides support for 3rd party protocol plug-ins for Internet Connection Sharing',
'display_name': 'Application Layer Gateway Service',
9 H* L4 I  A. c9 ` 'name': 'alg',
'pid': None,
0 ?7 F8 n# v/ J7 v4 w1 C& Y 'start_type': 'manual',
'status': 'stopped',
'username': 'NT AUTHORITY\\LocalService'}
, \% {- Y5 h$ z" w$ yOther samples

admin

Installing using pip on UNIX
8 ?; ^2 q2 m: U! h
/ m$ _* q& l. ZThe easiest way to install psutil on UNIX is by using pip (but first you might need to install python header files; see later). First install pip:

$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python get-pip.py
) R# W$ [+ U* E' T' q- \1 e...then run:

8 D$ V' Q# {" }& o$ pip install psutil