ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。

2 R" U3 b; O% ]( h) _% q6 ]/ F1 J一、升级前状态
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
( }" F7 x) S2 N% v7 |  ~Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
; P8 w  R+ e/ N$ W) V/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
( _7 O# P/ m( P; H$ K/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
tmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm


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无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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3 _8 r$ M, Y' |/ h4 ~7 W/ ^2 I9 ^[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
[root@USER-SERVER ~]#
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安装所需包
源码安装：
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  @% h  |9 k. s3 pwget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
1 c) j' L& {2 e4 Rtar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
./configure
make;make install
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RPM安装：
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yum -y install e2fsprogs
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- F; k+ w1 X6 [& z) k: H二、制作引导镜像
查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
; |: j1 V8 S$ h: R( n9 QCreating initramfs
4 j5 f- L( v: \+ mLooking for deps of module ehci-hcd
Looking for deps of module ohci-hcd
Looking for deps of module uhci-hcd
Looking for deps of module ext3: jbd
3 G" r' K; |' H# p$ ]( Z, U/ q5 f, xLooking for deps of module jbd
Found root device sda2 for LABEL=/
+ H" q/ D2 F1 ~: f6 }% yLooking for driver for device sda2
; \4 t5 ^( U- Q/ o$ s1 I; }Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
" o4 P' {7 v1 N( aLooking for deps of module scsi_mod
. e* \% n+ f+ g. v/ G( k$ F6 \Looking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
, M9 J' V# q. [Looking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
' r: B% \; w5 e8 NLooking for driver for device sda3
7 ]) b0 Q6 J# s2 x7 j: `0 OLooking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
' ]+ _+ ?( u2 \9 J8 x( o9 r6 p4 C  uLooking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
5 w3 @  ^% @- P2 p2 Y2 \/ f2 U6 ELooking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
, f1 f" }  n3 [8 b+ r2 r( R! ?- w! uLooking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
3 o4 t! A* c- ?3 ?+ T( Q% P6 Q* J: TLooking for deps of module dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
  X& Q( n" g+ W, }1 f4 R, l- oLooking for deps of module dm-message
Looking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
1 w5 m8 L; w) X4 }Looking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
Looking for deps of module crc16
Looking for deps of module jbd2
Using modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
2 Y- ]$ a7 l( n( @& r2 O/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
+ p+ ?9 A2 o8 I, [0 P/ S/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
2 K* m& j- S+ r' O6 t% j) C. pcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
- C$ _! z8 f$ w' U1 fcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
1 M; b3 D0 T4 g" E0 U" Y5 N4 Z  Bcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
' E- B+ R# D  _3 v6 Ycopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
3 ~5 X" [% `: dcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
; i) P8 D4 z: _* i, A' ?% o' Icopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
! I7 Z; w# g9 Z) rcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
# b1 r2 {% T$ H, A8 Ycopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
1 P/ i; G- ]  V; Ocopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
6 _" r' @0 U7 o8 F/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
% c! E; d) l2 E. y/ |! e( c7 m/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
Adding module ehci-hcd
# o5 f4 L; ?" S! AAdding module ohci-hcd
Adding module uhci-hcd
Adding module jbd
Adding module ext3
Adding module scsi_mod
+ l  j7 D3 R7 M" bAdding module sd_mod
1 J& p! A# u3 G3 cAdding module libata
Adding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
7 g( g; A6 P5 w4 v) yAdding module dm-mem-cache
! |, G. _5 S# v6 G+ i( b# M) ~. EAdding module dm-mod
) w9 c% U( P. r# }9 vAdding module dm-log
( \8 e/ j/ s2 b% ?  \( M3 vAdding module dm-region_hash
Adding module dm-message
" h6 P$ J  e  v5 e2 {Adding module dm-raid45
Adding module crc16
& p9 @& A/ e, q8 v& {Adding module jbd2
Adding module ext4
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重启
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot

三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
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% ~9 r5 v( X% ^0 [" c3 p1 U* Etune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
" z" v& {; N6 n  z! U4 J4 s) P& bPlease run e2fsck on the filesystem.

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四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
( a  Z+ K+ [- z3 g[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
. l5 s; k& N2 d. f: |1 n[root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www
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五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
) f. _$ Q$ Y8 }& d# m( K将
7 I* r- M5 t3 N, O% V4 b. `. fLABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
修改为
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
/ S8 J$ ?! [$ }3 V' W7 }* C[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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oot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
$ i( g' G: c) w" [LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
& E8 A* ~; ~$ {: bdevpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
$ ~) D+ d4 t1 s* gsysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
5 T) q) p7 ^4 FLABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
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六、升级后状态
ext4的特征全激活了：）
+ w4 \0 f5 [$ n" j#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
引用

Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
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7 C, c# a$ q  L0 \9 R" j9 l[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
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Filesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
' L+ M& @, I/ J2 C: }/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
' z' ?( ?; [( |2 _$ n0 j. P/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
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admin

Force fsck on boot using

1 k4 r& t& ?: s4 ^; _" p) R( q/forcefsckBy creating
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; D7 G7 C# M2 ?. @; f, z- [ /forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system
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4 i7 i: R( B; W% b check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR
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$ sudo -s

Change directory to root (/)

3 z7 y+ T+ k9 z9 e2 gdirectory [optional]:
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( H7 g" A, x) H# cd /
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Create a file called forcefsck:

6 h% P6 F# i- U1 y' j4 `+ g# touch /forcefsck

6 l9 @3 A! b1 ZNow, reboot the system: