ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。
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一、升级前状态
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; ?8 N- q1 ~: m% X# X[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
) D- I8 f# Y" w1 R5 y- a0 ~Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
6 E* a. l; e/ \8 htmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm

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无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
[root@USER-SERVER ~]#



0 U# k& m9 H* _  `安装所需包
源码安装：
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  s+ K) @5 x/ _1 `- @wget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
tar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
./configure
make;make install

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5 y6 Q6 o) Y; n* L) {RPM安装：
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1 F% j* o7 i+ syum -y install e2fsprogs
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二、制作引导镜像
+ f3 ^# b& d8 \' ^: w/ `3 W4 w查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
2 V5 I" v6 o# PCreating initramfs
1 O. Y7 a' J; V% ?1 ~$ F, t6 wLooking for deps of module ehci-hcd
0 j8 h9 L: `9 _+ x) n, S7 FLooking for deps of module ohci-hcd
Looking for deps of module uhci-hcd
Looking for deps of module ext3: jbd
Looking for deps of module jbd
Found root device sda2 for LABEL=/
# j+ l/ [2 z- _. YLooking for driver for device sda2
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
0 z* @" P  l# ^0 |- nLooking for deps of module scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
# M. z2 E; [. v) Z9 S9 mLooking for driver for device sda3
3 ?' B3 F+ f7 f3 j* B2 }* j7 A+ l  ALooking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
' _9 _4 Y3 o3 h# eLooking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
: g0 T( f! Q4 D. [: G. C1 Z- ^Looking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
Looking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
Looking for deps of module dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
% {& O. w7 B/ nLooking for deps of module dm-message
Looking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
+ e: v" ^! A, o7 DLooking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
- j# B1 k8 N( zLooking for deps of module crc16
Looking for deps of module jbd2
Using modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
0 d& c! r, B! g9 i# e4 d4 l/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
0 f9 Y0 `( F# i6 L9 p( o; ]; Ycopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
7 D* ], ^4 W9 {& G% Z( z2 F) g8 jcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
8 V  d. K: ~/ l* jcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
% T6 X4 Y+ P, u$ Ucopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
& @1 k) s1 t! L. f. mcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
) v- Y* b6 _9 F! wcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
! W+ S7 Q  B/ f- N6 A; I, p9 tcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
$ p2 a* o1 [1 l. B* f$ T* O: Ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
" k) q% V5 d1 ^8 bcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
0 Y8 d7 J  y% q& G9 S/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
# x  g# h" w' |# cAdding module ehci-hcd
0 }- B$ u; N" k$ ^' ^9 bAdding module ohci-hcd
Adding module uhci-hcd
Adding module jbd
5 l/ a$ E, A# I) s# rAdding module ext3
Adding module scsi_mod
Adding module sd_mod
Adding module libata
Adding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
' b4 p2 b6 n) M2 g' q4 B& z0 o, `Adding module dm-mem-cache
Adding module dm-mod
Adding module dm-log
* [5 C1 ?2 q% \( y6 WAdding module dm-region_hash
Adding module dm-message
( P  X; b' [, [7 `& VAdding module dm-raid45
Adding module crc16
Adding module jbd2
Adding module ext4
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3 Z% O6 E- p$ y; ?! H1 T重启
& b$ |! Q/ K. }3 |3 I[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot

& V  |& `, N& ^: O  ~/ B" F三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
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( W, M3 r+ \1 g0 K5 E; @tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run e2fsck on the filesystem.
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% ^9 b7 j0 A0 i四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www
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五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
; z/ ?# K" [1 Z. u2 P将
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
修改为
" v9 m- k, L8 P7 a$ v; [LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
3 j+ E9 _9 _* N7 I[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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: l' U  [* h3 E2 T( u3 C' E3 Z" R: Hoot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
5 L' k& r2 z$ ^) [/ I, LLABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
4 r* D9 x+ a& b: L- F/ j! nLABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
  {9 b, T$ d* A" D6 _tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
, g4 r. f$ Y, Ldevpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
: ~  A/ A' U$ _, i  E! f3 Z% vsysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
7 r. o3 l8 x" L- ^& u% s; uproc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0


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3 T% p; I3 \; l$ J六、升级后状态
  Q, t  D7 a! [& I- ^ext4的特征全激活了：）
#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
  U1 h( q' w, W, ~0 r( V5 m. |! f) U; Q引用

Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize

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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
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/ C) Y7 q9 K9 D/ \& O0 r$ i
1 ^# C$ C# n% B# {" c8 dFilesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/ I+ T7 F& d) p$ ?& b* Z/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
% p: F  ]: M+ e; p! Z% U( D4 ^- o5 H/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
/ U2 k1 ]7 z7 H+ Y; {+ V  p- X/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
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admin

Force fsck on boot using
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/forcefsckBy creating
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9 g- M+ _7 Z$ _/ A3 G' E1 X /forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system

check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR
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$ sudo -s
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Change directory to root (/)
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" x, T2 [3 c0 b) b! o2 _# ]directory [optional]:

6 {2 A+ Z2 W- l$ d# cd /
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Create a file called forcefsck:
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# touch /forcefsck

% }; Q# `7 Q- E4 q0 gNow, reboot the system:
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