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字典(dictionary)是除列表以外python之中最灵活的内置数据结构类型。列表是有序的对象集合,字典是无序的对象集合。两者之间的区别在于:字典当中的元素是通过键来存取的,而不是通过偏移存取。字典用"{ }"标识。字典由索引(key)和它对应的值value组成。实例(Python 2.0+)#!/usr/bin/python# s9 x& d# s& Z* K
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
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4 h6 P* U! }0 g/ b8 G' Q4 c/ r. gdict = {}
6 o: c) Q$ P0 l+ l6 Kdict['one'] = "This is one"0 N8 T1 c# W+ n' a0 x8 @. s6 {
dict[2] = "This is two"
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tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6734, 'dept': 'sales'}5 f$ w8 t8 B0 Q5 U5 f
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print dict['one'] # 输出键为'one' 的值
9 g$ M5 Y. z# e' O- Sprint dict[2] # 输出键为 2 的值) V) N, x1 `; m2 Y% a) |
print tinydict # 输出完整的字典
+ f* ^# b+ \4 m' b: M& Pprint tinydict.keys() # 输出所有键
! d! v% ~* r5 | C+ Aprint tinydict.values() # 输出所有值输出结果为:This is oneThis is two{'dept': 'sales', 'code': 6734, 'name': 'john'}['dept', 'code', 'name']['sales', 6734, 'john'] |
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