psutil 的功能python实现一个服务器信息的简单监控

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Example usages
5 V- ~% _; P9 Y/ O
+ c5 G: L. e4 JCPU
7 P- q2 p% x8 e* y1 |>>> import psutil
6 W  Z  q. c' Q8 ~' C$ {7 h>>> psutil.cpu_times()
, b4 T0 u4 b, m/ e/ X. I5 K+ Wscputimes(user=3961.46, nice=169.729, system=2150.659, idle=16900.540, iowait=629.59, irq=0.0, softirq=19.42, steal=0.0, guest=0, nice=0.0)
>>>
2 E9 Y; ^: m- X' `8 t>>> for x in range(3):
...     psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
...
4.0
5.9
# T' q& Q6 g1 X( V3.8
>>>
, t" w" z0 v! B: ?. v3 G! F>>> for x in range(3):
9 ]' K& x% z5 e5 p6 A5 y" `1 F...     psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True)
...
[4.0, 6.9, 3.7, 9.2]
[7.0, 8.5, 2.4, 2.1]
+ Z) H; b) T; M. D7 z[1.2, 9.0, 9.9, 7.2]
>>>
>>> for x in range(3):
...     psutil.cpu_times_percent(interval=1, percpu=False)
7 s& o( c, B' G9 b...
scputimes(user=1.5, nice=0.0, system=0.5, idle=96.5, iowait=1.5, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
8 ~! \& B- l& Z3 o, f+ Vscputimes(user=1.0, nice=0.0, system=0.0, idle=99.0, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
$ ~) f7 z8 M$ hscputimes(user=2.0, nice=0.0, system=0.0, idle=98.0, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0)
, ]5 b' B* P6 G% }3 B>>>
1 \" A' j; P7 ~% T2 R# v>>> psutil.cpu_count()
4
>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
9 T5 |2 ]( ~, I7 Z4 D/ r2 R2
>>>
* t& t! [& I! G  P8 N+ d5 v4 q>>> psutil.cpu_stats()
scpustats(ctx_switches=20455687, interrupts=6598984, soft_interrupts=2134212, syscalls=0)
8 w- p9 e  ~/ o9 @9 o  b/ U>>>
>>> psutil.cpu_freq()
( P/ N6 w) F9 Q% i$ v: e( z) t0 O$ rscpufreq(current=931.42925, min=800.0, max=3500.0)
>>>
9 P1 `3 t! Y3 [7 j3 A: FMemory
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.virtual_memory()
svmem(total=10367352832, available=6472179712, percent=37.6, used=8186245120, free=2181107712, active=4748992512, inactive=2758115328, buffers=790724608, cached=3500347392, shared=787554304)
>>> psutil.swap_memory()
* H& W* @- ~, j8 n7 O; h7 q  g: Nsswap(total=2097147904, used=296128512, free=1801019392, percent=14.1, sin=304193536, sout=677842944)
5 K8 g5 w$ u3 ?3 w# t0 k) C>>>
Disks
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.disk_partitions()
[sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw,nosuid'),
sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda2', mountpoint='/home', fstype='ext, opts='rw')]
>>>
. a( C) e6 b& i( t>>> psutil.disk_usage('/')
, d. F% n% [1 s- ]' ?! e1 {8 m2 @sdiskusage(total=21378641920, used=4809781248, free=15482871808, percent=22.5)
4 m% K3 u, M* X. d- |4 y( ]>>>
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=False)
% m/ ^: A3 G! G2 qsdiskio(read_count=719566, write_count=1082197, read_bytes=18626220032, write_bytes=24081764352, read_time=5023392, write_time=63199568, read_merged_count=619166, write_merged_count=812396, busy_time=4523412)
2 N) p: h. M+ p2 a( N) Y4 g- L) d/ G>>>
8 W3 m, }  ]+ \5 M" {Network
4 _0 k! c8 W$ a3 O* K>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
{'eth0': netio(bytes_sent=485291293, bytes_recv=6004858642, packets_sent=3251564, packets_recv=4787798, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0),
'lo': netio(bytes_sent=2838627, bytes_recv=2838627, packets_sent=30567, packets_recv=30567, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}
0 S2 G7 A/ y. V8 O" W>>>
# ^5 |5 Z! G1 ?>>> psutil.net_connections()
[sconn(fd=115, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=48776), raddr=addr(ip='93.186.135.91', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED', pid=1254),
0 a9 P) r$ j' b( c sconn(fd=117, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=43761), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.100', port=80), status='CLOSING', pid=2987),
sconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=60759), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.104', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED', pid=None),
sconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=51314), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.83', port=443), status='SYN_SENT', pid=None)
...]
>>>
1 {2 G6 K* i; k! f>>> psutil.net_if_addrs()
) J( c# s# Q% c2 X! E0 a- A; i{'lo': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast='127.0.0.1', ptp=None),
        snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  d( u9 Q' w$ {8 K/ d/ n& ~        snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast='00:00:00:00:00:00', ptp=None)],
. c; v  K! \2 i1 s7 y5 K 'wlan0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.1.3', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.1.255', ptp=None),
6 U( s& b# H+ G( @3 a) T           snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::c685:8ff:fe45:641%wlan0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
; B9 j  L6 Z* }6 t( Q+ o$ Y           snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address='c4:85:08:45:06:41', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}
5 Z0 I, {1 z6 B, p) e>>>
. e, x0 v, K& U- }6 c: m9 d>>> psutil.net_if_stats()
{'eth0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL: 2>, speed=100, mtu=1500),
'lo': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=65536)}
* l& d. M0 j. b( f  \>>>
Sensors
>>> import psutil
8 ~1 @2 l( {$ t3 o  X" I: ?0 ~>>> psutil.sensors_temperatures()
* H7 a+ D$ g7 ?( n{'acpitz': [shwtemp(label='', current=47.0, high=103.0, critical=103.0)],
1 S9 A0 i) h' Y 'asus': [shwtemp(label='', current=47.0, high=None, critical=None)],
'coretemp': [shwtemp(label='Physical id 0', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 0', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
) q4 l- g& @/ z- y" A7 J              shwtemp(label='Core 1', current=52.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 2', current=45.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0),
              shwtemp(label='Core 3', current=47.0, high=100.0, critical=100.0)]}
>>>
>>> psutil.sensors_fans()
% `9 f5 H7 P% J6 F+ l$ X- x{'asus': [sfan(label='cpu_fan', current=3200)]}
& H7 a9 F, K8 e4 L>>>
>>> psutil.sensors_battery()
) d$ b; p& P. e7 @& n1 bsbattery(percent=93, secsleft=16628, power_plugged=False)
>>>
' l' I. i# P5 S  j2 jOther system info
) Y+ L( }1 T# s, z( J" p>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.users()
[suser(name='giampaolo', terminal='pts/2', host='localhost', started=1340737536.0, pid=1352),
! l  [8 V1 h( B' E% M suser(name='giampaolo', terminal='pts/3', host='localhost', started=1340737792.0, pid=1788)]
- W2 m, q: ~0 s2 N. H>>>
! _: O& }/ B+ u+ F8 g6 ~6 f! O0 }! g>>> psutil.boot_time()
5 J  _% q2 o: ^, a! n3 {4 j3 p1365519115.0
>>>
- ?  {6 q" D- [) e" [0 V* ZProcess management
>>> import psutil
6 J, x: `  b0 @! \: ~2 |7 H>>> psutil.pids()
. T, Y" y7 l" z5 a( [3 k[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 46, 48, 50, 51, 178, 182, 222, 223, 224, 268, 1215, 1216, 1220, 1221, 1243, 1244,
1301, 1601, 2237, 2355, 2637, 2774, 3932, 4176, 4177, 4185, 4187, 4189, 4225, 4243, 4245, 4263, 4282,
4306, 4311, 4312, 4313, 4314, 4337, 4339, 4357, 4358, 4363, 4383, 4395, 4408, 4433, 4443, 4445, 4446,
0 F3 m* Z4 @# B; w1 J( t$ t" z 5167, 5234, 5235, 5252, 5318, 5424, 5644, 6987, 7054, 7055, 7071]
>>>
: O! l: B: w. C  T>>> p = psutil.Process(7055)
>>> p.name()
) @& }$ l/ w/ m( @0 D! _) d; S, L'python'
- P- D. ]+ U. ~# s) S- j$ z>>> p.exe()
/ y( z2 [5 c6 {9 P( r  u2 G'/usr/bin/python'
>>> p.cwd()
& U2 a8 B1 ]# l+ a: r. @# n( l) Y'/home/giampaolo'
" B! ^. W3 D8 w* q>>> p.cmdline()
6 d: ]" y1 p$ q9 J['/usr/bin/python', 'main.py']
>>>
( Q* |" U) |* T' w4 v7 i# C>>> p.pid
7055
/ [$ O; e' |5 i8 C>>> p.ppid()
# W: [7 d, b: U6 Z# s7054
4 q$ p! }' Q1 U/ o* I>>> p.parent()
) Q0 V7 n2 M2 W; A/ Y4 o" p<psutil.Process(pid=7054, name='bash') at 140008329539408>
, Y7 E3 |" n  e! j>>> p.children()
[<psutil.Process(pid=8031, name='python') at 14020832451977>,
<psutil.Process(pid=8044, name='python') at 19229444921932>]
>>>
6 B( f+ V& ]& M5 O( B+ i>>> p.status()
'running'
>>> p.username()
2 c. C' a3 k" Y0 _4 r! D& G'giampaolo'
9 v6 j1 R6 {, N: h>>> p.create_time()
( `  `! P' W1 N. d+ [7 a1267551141.5019531
>>> p.terminal()
'/dev/pts/0'
>>>
* t6 N$ I  B5 J5 `  u# P# m>>> p.uids()
puids(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000)
3 G+ c2 H* {3 ?" n- @/ {>>> p.gids()
& e- i1 V/ |2 l$ `* p) @9 R9 _pgids(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000)
>>>
. G9 S8 x! W. m+ l/ V3 B' K>>> p.cpu_times()
pcputimes(user=1.02, system=0.31, children_user=0.32, children_system=0.1)
>>> p.cpu_percent(interval=1.0)
! ~4 A1 H7 R+ l: I12.1
5 Z+ r+ H* |* c! Z3 }9 }  c>>> p.cpu_affinity()
[0, 1, 2, 3]
>>> p.cpu_affinity([0, 1])  # set
* }1 d- Z% t, A4 e>>> p.cpu_num()
$ _4 I5 l) M" E$ @' U  Q! w1
>>>
4 r1 [. v* ^' X/ w: N4 I>>> p.memory_info()
pmem(rss=10915840, vms=67608576, shared=3313664, text=2310144, lib=0, data=7262208, dirty=0)
>>> p.memory_full_info()  # "real" USS memory usage (Linux, OSX, Win only)
pfullmem(rss=10199040, vms=52133888, shared=3887104, text=2867200, lib=0, data=5967872, dirty=0, uss=6545408, pss=6872064, swap=0)
' o& n! J' H" X. ]# k! d>>> p.memory_percent()
0 b' ]! @! w* V4 E0 r) ^; ^0.7823
3 ^, B- T1 X' \4 l1 {3 X: s, a>>> p.memory_maps()
; i  a* U0 F; K; n$ K[pmmap_grouped(path='/lib/x8664-linux-gnu/libutil-2.15.so', rss=32768, size=2125824, pss=32768, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=20480, private_dirty=12288, referenced=32768, anonymous=12288, swap=0),
& w7 M* `2 r6 |' F pmmap_grouped(path='/lib/x8664-linux-gnu/libc-2.15.so', rss=3821568, size=3842048, pss=3821568, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=3821568, referenced=3575808, anonymous=3821568, swap=0),
pmmap_grouped(path='/lib/x8664-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.0.1', rss=34124, rss=32768, size=2134016, pss=15360, shared_clean=24576, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=8192, referenced=24576, anonymous=8192, swap=0),
pmmap_grouped(path='[heap]',  rss=32768, size=139264, pss=32768, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=32768, referenced=32768, anonymous=32768, swap=0),
& v2 T3 x0 w& J2 ?. @8 P3 R6 ? pmmap_grouped(path='[stack]', rss=2465792, size=2494464, pss=2465792, shared_clean=0, shared_dirty=0, private_clean=0, private_dirty=2465792, referenced=2277376, anonymous=2465792, swap=0),
7 U# q' u. j: A1 E  h2 S ...]
>>>
. X  M# [1 C' G0 |# B! `: p0 V8 t>>> p.io_counters()
5 ^: Q  ?0 H1 ~+ |$ ~; q+ Hpio(read_count=478001, write_count=59371, read_bytes=700416, write_bytes=69632, read_chars=456232, write_chars=517543)
; `: ^4 E$ r# D, l1 C>>>
>>> p.open_files()
[popenfile(path='/home/giampaolo/svn/psutil/setup.py', fd=3, position=0, mode='r', flags=32768),
+ Q2 H$ a! z' t5 \; e4 _4 _ popenfile(path='/var/log/monitd', fd=4, position=235542, mode='a', flags=33793)]
; R/ S+ T. T; _( W8 M+ Y# [>>>
>>> p.connections()
[pconn(fd=115, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=48776), raddr=addr(ip='93.186.135.91', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED'),
% m* g5 \2 p9 U; l2 G pconn(fd=117, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=43761), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.100', port=80), status='CLOSING'),
pconn(fd=119, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=60759), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.104', port=80), status='ESTABLISHED'),
2 S( X+ k  a8 ]4 q  ], }" J pconn(fd=123, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip='10.0.0.1', port=51314), raddr=addr(ip='72.14.234.83', port=443), status='SYN_SENT')]
>>>
>>> p.num_threads()
: a/ V' ]' J: u1 W! y& I4
>>> p.num_fds()
1 r( S) r% W- s" S8
$ a9 g5 c, m- m8 i>>> p.threads()
4 P. Z: a0 Y; u  z$ a) c9 A3 I[pthread(id=5234, user_time=22.5, system_time=9.2891),
$ W( ?; r) R7 H' W& a pthread(id=5235, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0),
pthread(id=5236, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0),
pthread(id=5237, user_time=0.0707, system_time=1.1)]
, Y4 G  ~+ y/ r6 W" o>>>
2 \; p& v/ Q- Z! @. }& i>>> p.num_ctx_switches()
pctxsw(voluntary=78, involuntary=19)
>>>
>>> p.nice()
0
>>> p.nice(10)  # set
>>>
>>> p.ionice(psutil.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE)  # IO priority (Win and Linux only)
>>> p.ionice()
/ l. @; R4 W0 ipionice(ioclass=<IOPriority.IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE: 3>, value=0)
% t. T$ d) X/ ~: X: O>>>
>>> p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (5, 5))  # set resource limits (Linux only)
2 a- [9 E$ g& L>>> p.rlimit(psutil.RLIMIT_NOFILE)
. S7 {6 L0 Q. X4 z2 x, {' b(5, 5)
+ U4 O; V, T; }; o; U5 U>>>
- ]8 g9 a  y3 _2 f  `$ `: v>>> p.environ()
9 J& }9 j" i/ f* D% J- S6 h! i{'LC_PAPER': 'it_IT.UTF-8', 'SHELL': '/bin/bash', 'GREP_OPTIONS': '--color=auto',
+ b) G* g* |$ B' s'XDG_CONFIG_DIRS': '/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg', 'COLORTERM': 'gnome-terminal',
...}
# v" P. F: J3 a+ _0 p>>>
& u: t' u# Y' P; ?: k; k7 ^>>> p.as_dict()
{'status': 'running', 'num_ctx_switches': pctxsw(voluntary=63, involuntary=1), 'pid': 5457, ...}
>>> p.is_running()
True
>>> p.suspend()
: M7 i* _3 }7 g( }- G9 `: y6 {>>> p.resume()
* P+ V5 ]: c! t$ E>>>
>>> p.terminate()
>>> p.wait(timeout=3)
4 ]9 T+ r6 Y) u2 T2 ^0
+ n$ t; W1 E0 I8 g>>>
>>> psutil.test()
USER         PID %CPU %MEM     VSZ     RSS TTY        START    TIME  COMMAND
2 A4 n* W8 l- w! droot           1  0.0  0.0   24584    2240            Jun17   00:00  init
root           2  0.0  0.0       0       0            Jun17   00:00  kthreadd
root           3  0.0  0.0       0       0            Jun17   00:05  ksoftirqd/0
...
giampaolo  31475  0.0  0.0   20760    3024 /dev/pts/0 Jun19   00:00  python2.4
# j8 k6 Y8 I( R9 @giampaolo  31721  0.0  2.2  773060  181896            00:04   10:30  chrome
  j7 s+ Q- ]! T( Y4 \% s: L; troot       31763  0.0  0.0       0       0            00:05   00:00  kworker/0:1
7 I% @5 b& k1 F  t3 N>>>
Further process APIs
>>> import psutil
>>> for proc in psutil.process_iter(attrs=['pid', 'name']):
...     print(proc.info)
...
+ n9 U7 o4 }8 j" Y" M: N{'pid': 1, 'name': 'systemd'}
{'pid': 2, 'name': 'kthreadd'}
{'pid': 3, 'name': 'ksoftirqd/0'}
# A6 V2 p" h  I7 ?...
3 Y" _( d8 D; K# _1 H  P& U7 H>>>
>>> psutil.pid_exists(3)
- j1 [& p( ~% e* ?2 M# x6 }& ITrue
7 i, B& ?  N0 B4 R; h& f0 i: A>>>
>>> def on_terminate(proc):
...     print("process {} terminated".format(proc))
...
>>> # waits for multiple processes to terminate
* u1 X. ?0 H+ R1 I>>> gone, alive = psutil.wait_procs(procs_list, timeout=3, callback=on_terminate)
# Y; x4 u$ h- R% q1 Y9 m>>>
8 p: j) J, p5 W/ S# \0 uPopen wrapper:
) W6 @" V4 l" P6 {! k# p
>>> import psutil
. W' `4 D; A" M9 ~4 [) G>>> from subprocess import PIPE
>>> p = psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python", "-c", "print('hello')"], stdout=PIPE)
>>> p.name()
'python'
>>> p.username()
! K, S+ Z( W# M, p' _8 a3 ~'giampaolo'
) r) U2 G3 `7 \>>> p.communicate()
* [, m( S- Q" r4 k# C" d) G('hello\n', None)
>>> p.wait(timeout=2)
0
>>>
Windows services
>>> list(psutil.win_service_iter())
/ z# _5 Y6 r+ C[<WindowsService(name='AeLookupSvc', display_name='Application Experience') at 38850096>,
8 y* P3 f  p! x! d2 i9 L <WindowsService(name='ALG', display_name='Application Layer Gateway Service') at 38850128>,
) ^- U$ W- D0 |5 d; W <WindowsService(name='APNMCP', display_name='Ask Update Service') at 38850160>,
1 m! k) m) R& u  Z0 m <WindowsService(name='AppIDSvc', display_name='Application Identity') at 38850192>,
7 A/ X' l/ c$ E' ~4 A' i1 s: q ...]
>>> s = psutil.win_service_get('alg')
9 h7 L* X# k$ _# R>>> s.as_dict()
{'binpath': 'C:\\Windows\\System32\\alg.exe',
3 v3 E5 Q5 a+ j7 g2 B* O 'description': 'Provides support for 3rd party protocol plug-ins for Internet Connection Sharing',
'display_name': 'Application Layer Gateway Service',
'name': 'alg',
'pid': None,
. I3 N' f" A2 \6 ]% M2 n: O 'start_type': 'manual',
- H" ~7 e) O+ ]' `  e3 Z2 [6 ^9 m 'status': 'stopped',
'username': 'NT AUTHORITY\\LocalService'}
+ m7 O2 Y" l# W$ `Other samples

admin

Installing using pip on UNIX
+ a6 K1 B6 o5 Q  ^6 _7 x) O5 R, e
$ Z0 C; H6 J3 d' L: DThe easiest way to install psutil on UNIX is by using pip (but first you might need to install python header files; see later). First install pip:

/ W2 d2 q8 N, o2 Y& Z$ o7 x$ wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
$ python get-pip.py
...then run:
" v! [% {5 c2 F" x- P% ^( H4 d
$ pip install psutil