ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。
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/ _; a# n4 {; c; U+ N! {一、升级前状态
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
$ B. K' T2 H; K" j) ^2 ?Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
2 }3 g0 o" D. k' b/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
# b: F: t% b0 J' @8 ?tmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm


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0 s9 `2 a  d0 C2 x/ a. ~, K无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
[root@USER-SERVER ~]#

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安装所需包
源码安装：
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9 p1 D3 W5 x3 D# ]2 swget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
tar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
./configure
make;make install
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4 R8 D3 p$ ?4 T* RRPM安装：
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! e, d. L% O' F5 N5 M( ^8 g' r- D5 h+ Zyum -y install e2fsprogs
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! v* `; r! Y5 v6 p二、制作引导镜像
查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
+ @6 e2 e6 Q* C* n( J[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
Creating initramfs
0 W9 P1 x4 ]8 }& n: E3 v9 [Looking for deps of module ehci-hcd
Looking for deps of module ohci-hcd
Looking for deps of module uhci-hcd
Looking for deps of module ext3: jbd
4 k# S# n. S  OLooking for deps of module jbd
Found root device sda2 for LABEL=/
Looking for driver for device sda2
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
Looking for deps of module scsi_mod
% c) D2 O6 i2 b8 {( [+ z  \5 rLooking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
7 d- x! y% x0 r; @Looking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
# k4 K. q5 G! l# j/ C+ _& y9 Y2 \Looking for driver for device sda3
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
! m% a) Z/ |; d: H8 kLooking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
; _; w! `6 ~$ N$ d# k6 R* mLooking for deps of module ide-disk
Looking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
& M" S- k; ]4 q2 S' t! ALooking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
Looking for deps of module dm-mod
5 c& Y8 D+ v. h) kLooking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
2 [9 }1 v% l" d5 P0 i3 F# B2 wLooking for deps of module dm-message
Looking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
Looking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
Looking for deps of module crc16
$ x2 r4 @$ \7 a# ELooking for deps of module jbd2
Using modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
& S1 D( ]0 z) d9 s+ [copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
; u* Y; _, C) k. I$ ?copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
8 y: w2 C4 q: ]4 m: o! ~$ rcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
4 U7 H6 C' e+ W. Ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
/ ?' t$ z1 N2 m0 W1 h  Ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
4 t% b" I9 g, i+ g0 u: bcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
0 w. t4 d; b  {copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
  O/ D+ {, l8 h9 l: f+ Bcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
Adding module ehci-hcd
, J, U$ M, }) ]0 o4 B1 [& [$ HAdding module ohci-hcd
1 X- D+ Z5 E  h2 u4 eAdding module uhci-hcd
! `& @" }2 a! x8 Q& c7 AAdding module jbd
Adding module ext3
Adding module scsi_mod
Adding module sd_mod
6 X! K6 F- O# q8 m  FAdding module libata
Adding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
Adding module dm-mem-cache
1 L# a3 R: O5 ^! kAdding module dm-mod
Adding module dm-log
# C7 y/ ^9 G' t! V2 DAdding module dm-region_hash
Adding module dm-message
Adding module dm-raid45
: i" i' Y' @5 _: y9 g) lAdding module crc16
4 O) H9 }! l, X# ZAdding module jbd2
7 T2 Y* s7 P& }Adding module ext4

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  H9 _1 r4 C" I! d8 ?" @5 h: G$ _; T重启
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot
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三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
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tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run e2fsck on the filesystem.
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四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
$ u) a6 |6 _* w1 P[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
2 C( T5 q) C! V$ }" `[root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www
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7 u: W8 |1 J- J( S: p" D/ [五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
将
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
修改为
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
. J4 A  v( Q7 j6 L7 X4 g[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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oot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
6 f* ]$ o# x# L3 NLABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
# O7 v  e- o  w4 o8 u! H; M! n+ {0 VLABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
$ I' P3 q5 B- W. }  nproc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
! s! [1 e- p( j: GLABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

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ext4的特征全激活了：）
# A. h0 p4 }7 q& I! t* r#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
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/ t8 N( H9 Q# aFilesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
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Filesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
! B4 n8 G! Y$ b) O  {) a  Q1 M/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
1 Y# \. f4 @5 F& X, K0 }- gtmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
6 }5 g% \: B- W/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www

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admin

Force fsck on boot using
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( ^7 `3 z( _4 l( A3 M# [/forcefsckBy creating
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& C, B6 H# f3 N) l" \/ n /forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system
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  l: ]) \' O9 U8 ~3 `/ j check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR

3 h8 v3 J% y4 m$ N" X# J: y$ sudo -s

Change directory to root (/)

directory [optional]:

# cd /
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. ]  M% P6 }# Q& T  ?Create a file called forcefsck:
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- C' L7 L0 S' f3 v0 B# touch /forcefsck
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Now, reboot the system: