ubuntu 系统配置网卡，直接networking restart失败。使用ifup interface 才生效

admin

root@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
; d- G( n9 j" H! |1 iinterfaces    interfaces.d/
) {  z" T8 {+ C1 q* h( p$ q' Vroot@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
' a8 i; W' q+ o! H2 H0 Jroot@controller:~# service networking restart
stop: Job failed while stopping
2 I2 w& r& M8 N& R# xstart: Job is already running: networking
/ J8 _4 @) q7 }+ H. p8 Oroot@controller:~# ip addr
# z) }& U. U0 Y1 ^1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
" n* R, P( b1 x       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
$ y) H% ^' @3 D    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
$ O! h: b4 F4 I! |6 X  K2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
. ~/ [# p3 ]& d    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6 O, b5 }) X6 g/ r  ?    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
9 v) w- J* X/ Q! c6 k. X2 M       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
+ A9 ~! l& l! |6 S. ^4 y( s1 H       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@controller:~# /etc/init
init/            init.d/          initramfs-tools/
root@controller:~# /etc/init.d/networking restart
$ p% Y  g0 v. |" c$ Troot@controller:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
" y$ n; \" t7 @6 q! v% F       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
& T  K  w; q" ?- e& T5 L    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
" a6 Y. `+ q5 n% }( c2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
- k4 }+ h( v2 y' l    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
7 I/ l1 L+ b4 E) z# U% |7 P+ T    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8 D  z  b( R5 z+ u  ^* e5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
9 i! J7 _6 _3 C' y  c5 V    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# \+ D) F% Y; S: G( e/ u% M! U    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
0 V0 b+ _2 k/ i# z7 `. X       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
/ G% B/ g5 t0 i* c7 L       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@controller:~# ifup eth0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.4
Copyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
5 V) H- E' K  b  C; JFor info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:8c:59:8c
Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:8c:59:8c
$ l6 q5 i' Z. o6 Z( vSending on   Socket/fallback
3 W: J- n7 H; d6 f. mDHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xeb67d11f)

3 [# d& d) S3 x0 O. @; `' EDHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xeb67d11f)


DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8 (xid=0xeb67d11f)

- R* ~1 [3 M' [* [7 ^4 p# j2 `2 N
root@controller:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
& c% O% J* N. c  |8 k! M5 l/ {    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
% k: l# t4 ^1 Z& W- a! q    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
+ r# M; V* a4 V1 c  l+ a       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
: ~8 G# \( y* U3 H3 R2 y8 k7 n    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:598c/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
% T. B+ e- I% R3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4 m- o( h9 R) ^2 n5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
; d: ]9 m2 o% S    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2 e( i6 b) r8 T& f# t  T    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
+ T  m1 H* L' x* ^! m! A: C6 `0 h' ?       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@controller:~# ifup eth1
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.4
2 i' p1 x2 ?. S. _3 iCopyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium.
  ~5 e+ @4 p# |' z! ]6 UAll rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:8c:59:96
Sending on   LPF/eth1/00:0c:29:8c:59:96
1 s/ X7 l$ ]4 w4 X" \% ySending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x21870d6a)
" g$ o+ {. L5 o- w/ ADHCPREQUEST of 171.10.91.128 on eth1 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6a0d8721)
; Q( B7 }5 e4 q4 q$ o! E0 ^DHCPOFFER of 171.10.91.128 from 171.10.91.254
DHCPACK of 171.10.91.128 from 171.10.91.254
bound to 171.10.91.128 -- renewal in 899 seconds.
root@controller:~#
. v- b8 s' t( v5 X1 l% b& x% ~( `6 }, nroot@controller:~#
0 a0 P6 o2 t, ?6 ]& _) O* U7 qroot@controller:~#
* s0 t  q% ~* I7 `* Yroot@controller:~# ifup eth0
ifup: interface eth0 already configured
root@controller:~# ifup eth2
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.4
' c3 M8 l5 F& k$ v5 lCopyright 2004-2012 Internet Systems Consortium.
2 V1 X6 }8 S) S0 s* G$ G, b& g2 wAll rights reserved.
# G1 p' P/ [  C% Y4 \+ h2 bFor info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
6 i3 n' c" w$ ]3 N8 t9 k$ FListening on LPF/eth2/00:0c:29:8c:59:a0
Sending on   LPF/eth2/00:0c:29:8c:59:a0
Sending on   Socket/fallback
; }4 H+ T4 \5 L! e2 b& o- iDHCPDISCOVER on eth2 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0x685a54b)
6 s0 X  Z6 `5 A$ I2 @DHCPREQUEST of 162.96.90.128 on eth2 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x4ba58506)
1 Q0 ]& ^1 r1 n( ]) ~* ?: bDHCPOFFER of 162.96.90.128 from 162.96.90.254
+ A  I3 Y- Q9 K& }0 `DHCPACK of 162.96.90.128 from 162.96.90.254
7 b" F) W- [" z0 {5 ~0 U9 ~bound to 162.96.90.128 -- renewal in 823 seconds.
root@controller:~# ip addr
' g) D6 u+ B, G. G1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
! |* I% X2 I( \8 ]+ Y, @  S       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6 G4 f9 w5 g! V8 X: Y* n    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
! R1 `. B1 {  A+ {+ l1 Q2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:598c/64 scope link
3 ?8 Z/ a( |/ T5 r% B8 D( Q6 x       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5 z! C. ?, h6 }0 O& a6 X* K3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 171.10.91.128/24 brd 171.10.91.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
1 B7 h5 c/ H; O8 m6 u; B6 g" h    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:5996/64 scope link
! C& \0 i" P7 X0 Q$ `: |       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
( q1 C' o+ V9 ^, P8 P- P. P    inet 162.96.90.128/24 brd 162.96.90.255 scope global eth2
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59a0/64 scope link
1 S3 m& q2 l  `! V" Q       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
" x5 o4 ~. b% H! x/ v1 k    inet 192.168.13.3/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
. {7 @+ v6 _5 z! }/ t7 Z       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
( W: u4 g: J4 @* n* \( r       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@controller:~# reboot
) g& S& o9 ^5 Y; F# T1 eroot@controller:~#
. L9 Y( J, G/ V- |7 E0 u% tBroadcast message from root@controller
! J0 ^9 B% M# t1 l (/dev/pts/0) at 11:25 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW!
( j- W0 k! W+ X0 o/ v
8 S) p7 D+ V* n9 ~) o& P' C* x

admin

Ubuntu14.04修改配置，重启网卡没有生效，出现如下问题：

# cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS \n \l
& S5 t5 \! j; ~* z+ `& W# service  networking restart
stop: Job failed while stopping
2 ?/ F4 P2 J% ~* z/ e7 hstart: Job is already running: networking
. i% q4 W% A2 N! u9 d# tail -f /var/log/upstart/networking.log
Stopping or restarting the networking job is not supported.
Use ifdown & ifup to reconfigure desired interface.
从以上日志内容可以看出，传统的service重启和停止网络已经不再支持了，需要通过使用ifdown & ifup来实现相应的操作。
/ H4 |5 j* \  w$ Z) @' a
重启指定网卡
# ifdown eth0 && ifup eth0
重启除lo网卡的所有网卡
! A9 O  t' X7 Y9 w( K# ifdown --exclude=lo -a && sudo ifup --exclude=lo -a
1 V8 K/ Q* i' \% W, k8 t  C3 x配置桥接
* t0 i# u  P0 I- |5 m; S/ v+ a2 m# apt-get install bridge-utils
' O0 b0 _" ^  H" p1 f, P" M# cat /etc/network/interfaces
9 ~  V3 Y" v0 J7 Q/ a) Oauto lo
' P' ^! H/ S! ?! d* ~7 V2 biface lo inet loopback
2 ?( C& L& P! X3 A
7 x. v, [  b  m# I! ~auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
- j% O2 _; F) g! K% L
auto br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.0.10
) o4 c* q$ k, O8 ~netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
" e) A; O5 ~1 ~- K/ Ubridge_ports eth0
3 I3 M9 N( c6 u3 Y" l* r5 Pbridge_stp off
! }. {" f, O1 j! p# O' n- ^  C6 Ybridge_fd 0
bridge_maxwait 0
7 j1 o9 a% ~# |0 fdns-nameservers 192.168.0.1
4 A4 ?  P( _: t" D% e$ r1 E# ifup br0
# brctl  show
bridge name   bridge id       STP enabled interfaces
br0       8000.02000a0080e1   no      eth0

admin

root@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
9 t5 E5 t0 V( U9 y2 Eauto eth3
iface eth3 inet static
address 192.168.13.155
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.13.2
0 A; h- y2 f: O  R* _4 T; adns-nameservers 114.114.114.114

保存退出，重新启动网卡：
* q' b% u* T6 F3 G# L; `$ difdown eth3 && ifup eth3 &

admin

root@controller:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces
* m- `/ ^( j; c. _& }root@controller:~# ifdown eth1 eth2
root@controller:~# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
/ O9 `) x  v6 a. d: o8 s. w& A6 K    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
. e& [  {5 ?: _( p3 A0 }: V0 s       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
+ N; e# y, S: w    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
3 X; y$ q$ Y1 N) H3 u  Q( n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
3 B2 ~' {! z& z" C" R7 Q2 c7 _    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:598c/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
4 U/ _8 S" q9 ]4 H  |2 Y2 q5 F    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- F  N" ]/ ~5 j5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:8c:59:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.13.155/24 brd 192.168.13.255 scope global eth3
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:59aa/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9 X3 f1 ~6 K$ `' C, f+ R* _, droot@controller:~# ifup  eth1 eth2
Error: an inet prefix is expected rather than "171.10.91.128/255.255.225.0".
! L) T. ~; N! F3 ^Failed to bring up eth1.
4 b/ K7 T1 k( D' Q0 T/ kError: an inet prefix is expected rather than "162.96.90.155/255.255.225.0".
Failed to bring up eth2.
$ v" |& B, i5 Z/ Y4 s/ I
5 }/ [+ L! C; M/ n2 G2 d; Nroot@controller:~# ifdown  eth1 eth2
root@controller:~# ifup  eth1 eth2
root@controller:~#
6 o0 G) l6 Y! L0 y) M
( U) K; j4 K2 g/ l! H( m