|
|
关于OpenStack中虚拟机VNC访问安全问题
! d. u: ?9 _( @2 t前几天收到甲方给出的文件信息,线上OpenStack环境的物理机VNC端口能够自由访问,要求整改。
" P9 ^& G# c! K随机抽查了两台宿主机的VNC端口,确实很多业务的同学使用noVNC后没有退出终端的习惯,往往都是用完了就直接关闭窗口。不得不说这样隐患很大啊,首先不说通过外部方式规避风险,如果内网里面有一些script kiddie随时都能将我们线上的虚拟机VNC端口扫出来干些坏事。我这里也用过nmap测试了下开发环境的网络端口,如下:8 b k6 N2 W, a- T* j
[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.1
: s2 V0 ~% `& f1 b% C0 TStarting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:46 CST6 U' R* h2 x$ @1 j# B o
Nmap scan report for compute10 (10.161.53.1)' b6 f& u- U# M: a
Host is up (0.000080s latency).0 M! e' Z' u# M) Z9 b
Not shown: 989 closed ports" [1 {3 N: E5 m. |; y
PORT STATE SERVICE
0 Z9 _7 Z' D6 V& C22/tcp open ssh
: }& v+ F* @% e& M5900/tcp open vnc
* d" z5 l) z, E5 n0 h+ k7 d5 z, M0 b5901/tcp open vnc-1* b X; w) ]+ p0 P# [/ f" f7 M( R- l3 V
5902/tcp open vnc-2
1 K2 s- x2 o/ B* B2 ~$ d% b5903/tcp open vnc-3( C( S1 ]' V1 D1 l& q
5904/tcp open unknown4 p# _& V" T( a( j+ i7 j5 L% F
5906/tcp open unknown
1 p% g6 ~7 W" c5907/tcp open unknown
, h; l; U, |0 s* |5910/tcp open cm6 u& V f& o u( r/ q- M
5911/tcp open cpdlc4 W5 Q4 C$ k6 y. p3 ]+ N
8022/tcp open oa-system
0 V/ t) K5 |- s* v% NMAC Address: D4:5D:64:08:45:02 (Unknown)* i! j" O6 ?2 q) X% |
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.65 seconds6 W# @( _ Y' T
[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.2
0 m" j+ y. ~3 H, WStarting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:46 CST+ a8 s- V, J1 i$ T, F4 I
Nmap scan report for compute11 (10.161.53.2)
7 \1 x# t1 j2 g$ fHost is up (0.000070s latency).
\ l( e) h; x/ Z V/ t3 z9 a I( rNot shown: 989 closed ports* [1 o( t, ~% [4 q5 Y
PORT STATE SERVICE) i+ q. z6 n/ }
22/tcp open ssh9 h3 |# `! a8 X4 A) f5 T
5900/tcp open vnc5 T8 q! F, K6 A M% c6 \- u) W
5901/tcp open vnc-1
# k9 ^- W9 ]' e5 H1 E5 }3 M5902/tcp open vnc-2
6 L5 t8 z* r" u/ ~6 M' \3 k0 K5903/tcp open vnc-3
! |1 F, Y3 ?/ `0 y) H* Z5904/tcp open unknown: e1 k" b5 P( l! T" x0 Y
5906/tcp open unknown* S; C6 T: K y8 H/ z* H& ^
5907/tcp open unknown/ Y$ D% _* I4 M9 |6 g: q6 x
5911/tcp open cpdlc! k- q8 H2 w7 c6 X& }
5915/tcp open unknown$ j7 o8 ^$ X- U7 y
8022/tcp open oa-system: `. G9 D- G# I) {
MAC Address: D4:5D:64:07:B3:DA (Unknown)
' I1 X0 n% @$ b. i5 S/ jNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.67 seconds& @, w0 @# G% R: N, Q( U; d4 f
[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.3! X1 F$ ~( @. ], i$ _4 ]( B
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:46 CST$ l$ ~+ f# @. F6 ^
Nmap scan report for compute01 (10.161.53.3)
4 x2 H) o8 B% JHost is up (0.000076s latency).
5 \5 L1 `; U( g+ O- _" RNot shown: 992 closed ports
3 V5 O; K. P* ?8 o1 ] b! ?5 y" t* gPORT STATE SERVICE6 l2 B' i) |; U6 G( c
22/tcp open ssh
; X7 a( J( U/ M) K. |# s0 t7 W5900/tcp open vnc
% P. J( @' y: ^8 O( k# Q4 K5901/tcp open vnc-1
; w: F' h% U# V1 r5902/tcp open vnc-22 v: e9 Q l+ l2 u
5903/tcp open vnc-3) a0 H- v" V. w. ?8 l3 S- e
5904/tcp open unknown
?, h& _9 {2 \# D5906/tcp open unknown. O$ o' S+ o& c2 ^
8022/tcp open oa-system% z9 n1 d. l8 W: q1 L; j
MAC Address: D4:5D:64:08:45:5E (Unknown)& ~* G, [3 Y7 R( N
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.68 seconds4 H q5 L' n: R
[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.4
. @5 s c2 j3 Q; v( f3 |Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:46 CST
4 p* A# N; k O. F8 pNmap scan report for compute02 (10.161.53.4)7 l" P& P1 e( }$ p9 h
Host is up (0.000081s latency).% j2 O: C. V8 Y) S1 s
Not shown: 988 closed ports
+ P- z/ r( [) |* O5 g' TPORT STATE SERVICE# _; x5 |/ i5 D
22/tcp open ssh
- j9 @8 f1 @" F7 s" o+ v5900/tcp open vnc
7 b+ w e- r' w- E5901/tcp open vnc-1; s- I. p! U. ?# [4 f6 U
5902/tcp open vnc-2
, k7 N6 z! h g$ g9 J* Z& r5903/tcp open vnc-3+ m5 g" Q& I: }
5904/tcp open unknown
% X, D2 R$ `+ f' g9 A& o+ v5906/tcp open unknown4 L7 G* G: y: n; M
5907/tcp open unknown
1 I2 _2 @ \8 N2 h7 B% Z1 h# z5910/tcp open cm
) g9 y# f, S0 X) W+ {% B5 b5911/tcp open cpdlc8 ]; w% ]' n* `0 C, e; Z8 g8 R
5915/tcp open unknown3 i4 |; m; T' A4 y' n
8022/tcp open oa-system) D2 c, _4 F+ s& Q
MAC Address: D4:5D:64:08:45:D6 (Unknown) L; K& _/ ~; A( c
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.67 seconds
) T4 B1 N/ V; F3 @6 @[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.5* @1 a+ M9 v! }
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:47 CST
& t9 t, x3 E8 u4 @Nmap scan report for compute03 (10.161.53.5)1 e3 S1 u u3 A% ^
Host is up (0.000082s latency).& Z9 l" A6 n3 |, p6 L: N
Not shown: 993 closed ports
: l* A- F3 c: n, T0 _2 W$ GPORT STATE SERVICE5 r6 L/ t; r- b* A- p% M8 x- ]7 t7 T1 _8 C
22/tcp open ssh
1 J& L: n% p- W; t# T5900/tcp open vnc
1 D$ F: }8 m% B ~8 x0 t; O5901/tcp open vnc-1
* D; t& |2 U2 `. }6 L8 u5902/tcp open vnc-2
' Z% k6 T- S5 c" s: N6 J: L5903/tcp open vnc-3
7 f) f, Z# G& Q8 {7 G5904/tcp open unknown5 Q6 H, p/ Y5 [+ M( o# _: z& a5 p5 {
8022/tcp open oa-system# Q2 N) u. W0 T
MAC Address: D4:5D:64:08:44:DE (Unknown), B0 j2 j4 k& ^" x) v2 ?8 E
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.67 seconds
% W) i% i; E- [[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.6
% X$ M( \/ R. E7 w) b M( W( H$ IStarting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:47 CST1 t, k: G& {7 I8 j9 d0 E! F
Nmap scan report for controller1 (10.161.53.6) y- \2 Z, K! _1 `+ W1 z) I
Host is up (0.000014s latency).
& @( h y. E, W/ nNot shown: 992 closed ports, I7 S7 @3 Z2 f9 w, P1 h! U
PORT STATE SERVICE
( u8 c/ Q3 C% J22/tcp open ssh
6 k+ U' v) ?0 y7 }80/tcp open http
! C2 V0 x+ a; y1 g! q1984/tcp open bigbrother' _* H' c, |, K/ Y; M
3306/tcp open mysql. l) Q! \$ j$ P# x% w
4000/tcp filtered remoteanything- P# Y3 ]- U5 q9 U9 P- V
4567/tcp open tram' ?' v! w1 w" B6 p
5000/tcp open upnp" v8 S- L( v0 V, l5 x( {
5001/tcp open commplex-link
# k: P: b/ {1 ]9 q$ o% ?Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.75 seconds
- p3 d" M7 K- h q) w0 K( o# e[root@controller1 ~]# nmap 10.161.53.7" ]$ |. J! \9 b9 E: ~. I+ l
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-01-17 09:47 CST
0 ~7 }; W& c5 b- |' ^Nmap scan report for controller2 (10.161.53.7)" l6 t% O& }% H) Y- G$ L
Host is up (0.000078s latency).
; ?) X) o1 k' A/ X* @Not shown: 993 closed ports
$ S. p* J& `* `- O; N' gPORT STATE SERVICE% n) ~9 v% b; c! j
22/tcp open ssh* t: ~7 z' J9 m Q; B
80/tcp open http9 `/ Y, R# @# |2 b7 n. n0 m
1984/tcp open bigbrother
- Q, ]& k% `! s& k& k/ G* I: s5 r% m. L3306/tcp open mysql7 f/ ?! C+ `, @' D1 F7 j! {; j
4567/tcp open tram8 d+ b5 |7 }4 c5 [, L
5000/tcp open upnp! N2 e! o: \& Z9 ~
5001/tcp open commplex-link8 {; q: r# x( f; Y* X4 Q- [
MAC Address: D4:5D:64:08:45:0A (Unknown)" }8 m. q/ v( u
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.55 seconds
+ m! o4 a7 S) s' x' l" h& |$ {! j1 j: u0 a
结果太恐怖了吧,如果有业务同学在使用noVNC之后没有退出终端,那么另一个人如果知道了宿主机的IP和端口是完全可以登录这台虚拟机的,直接操作虚机,后果不堪设想:
. Z- c3 J u# ^7 I0 l6 R8 J+ ], P( g1 a: I( C8 W8 |
解决6 A0 T* z, r- V; [
知道了问题,那就有对应的解决方案!
: A* a8 @" ]8 K" V, E目前我们暂时只想到两个方法来解决这个问题,其他方法还有待大牛给予指导:
: S4 |. H `- }( w# }; P. o
. s+ S4 u/ ^9 K1 d7 S' k方案一
1 a" {" g6 m1 ?通过firewalld限制INPUT表对5900:6000的访问规则
, o* G" t* Y8 T' f4 b( X方案二
A0 r$ x/ Q! v* [( O添加密码访问VNC4 ]. m* l' \# z3 S
! P# n5 u% c5 Z: n, l操作5 ?( R* x& v: Q g( U
firewalld/ Z: A* k" R s% W$ l" C
我们知道OpenStack通过VNC Proxy将管理网和业务网隔离开来,以便我们可以使用管理网络的6080端口访问虚拟机VNC,同时提供Token用于验证访问的合法性。一个VNC Proxy在OpenStack里的处理流程如下:1 `% L1 v) w1 ]3 c5 w; ^* F
VNC Porxy处理流程) A, P' C: G6 I9 l
1. 一个用户试图从浏览器里面打开连接到虚拟机的VNC Client. s, _9 Y; d$ V9 k4 f
2. 浏览器向nova-api发送请求,要求返回访问vnc的url
) I8 C. z; o8 x% N% ]4 T3. nova-api调用nova-compute的get vnc console方法,要求返回连接VNC的信息
1 e* e% o- w* ^. Z d4.nova-compute调用libvirt的get vnc console函数' o7 t5 I h" r
5.libvirt会通过解析虚拟机运行的/etc/libvirt/qemu/instance-0000000c.xml文件来获得VNC Server的信息% h- e9 N2 {$ r+ d/ u( T8 q" N7 G. n6 l
6.libvirt将host, port等信息以json格式返回给nova-compute
$ U7 `. r d1 H3 ?7.nova-compute会随机生成一个UUID作为Token
( V+ m% z3 ^0 M% q% ?7 A5 }6 x! T8.nova-compute将libvirt返回的信息以及配置文件中的信息综合成connect_info返回给nova-api E0 e" K7 m+ \, g0 V$ F& i* f4 |
9.nova-api会调用nova-consoleauth的authorize_console函数( q; H* @. G' Q9 j) t, M
10.nova-consoleauth会将instance –> token, token –> connect_info的信息cache起来7 Y1 l% E% C: [ i5 Y
11.nova-api将connect_info中的access url信息返回给浏览器:http://contorller:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=7efaee3f-eada-4731-a87c-e173cbd25e98&title=helloworld%289169fdb2-5b74-46b1-9803-60d2926bd97c%29, f$ q0 J- O g/ ^
12.浏览器会试图打开这个链接
( \+ M6 z% g! M$ w5 ]13.这个链接会将请求发送给nova-novncproxy
2 O/ |6 ^+ y; `) v. }14.nova-novncproxy调用nova-consoleauth的check_token函数7 n4 n" X/ n9 `9 }
15.nova-consoleauth验证了这个token,将这个instance对应的connect_info返回给nova-novncproxy
: ^! b/ j2 m, b4 U16.nova-novncproxy通过connect_info中的host, port等信息,连接compute节点上的VNC Server,从而开始了proxy的工作
4 g- f9 Z. U. w; G/ S2 @6 t$ ~. s这里重要的就是第16步, nova-novncproxy是通过连接host:vncport的方式提供vnc访问服务。
6 d: S% [6 J- a那么也就是说,计算节点的VNC端口只需要让nova-novncporxy服务能够访问就行,有了这个就好办了。
% R# }1 `4 G( Y5 m7 s+ H3 h* t+ p5 e! |操作firewalld" m [' D: L4 }8 c
在所有计算节点firewalld的INPUT表中添加如下规则:& U- j! e+ J" l
; M* F* `3 S; O. H: w
检查防火墙是否启动:8 T3 y/ @/ M C* S8 e& H& R
systemctl status firewalld.service/ s4 b( }, \' O! v3 {2 z
启动防火墙:
5 `6 L `+ I5 Z) Dsystemctl start firewalld.service
9 t' Y& B5 _' p& [ q% I' {" F
# [4 Q! I( R% U* w, t: k0 z: e$ C3 d, G; T7 S
开机启动防火墙:
% v- r" \( b \/ msystemctl enable firewalld.service
0 i9 O+ a+ i" y1 b; H添加规则:
8 P/ D( u% ^( ]8 i3 K firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="10.161.53.6" port protocol="tcp" port="5900-6000" accept"% ?; \/ O" }8 z2 Y, ?
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="10.161.53.100" port protocol="tcp" port="5900-6000" accept"
7 I* \3 V0 c0 i3 u+ K firewall-cmd --reload 3 j/ d. L3 R9 b6 N% G
firewall-cmd --list-all
2 p+ g, K3 H) ^6 X7 z. {: F删除规则:
% y$ k; m. n) F; ]2 Q, ^% ] firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="10.161.53.6" port protocol="tcp" port="5900-6000" accept"
" @# e) h: k" {$ O& G" |2 W$ D U
firewall-cmd --reload 7 V! l7 q1 M x
firewall-cmd --list-all
& O2 Z, r* G7 \, ^3 f, r4 ]9 j3 [7 l" S- W2 j' @! p1 @
2 L' F9 }, C* E( m+ A添加防火墙规则:# g( n* @+ O6 Q8 d
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="10.161.53.31/27" port protocol="tcp" port="5900-6000" accept"6 O Q. H* M, b
: m1 f! U" M; P! P: Wfirewall-cmd --reload / }2 D- O0 y$ S E% D
7 B: j2 e, `9 r, p& v% C" v) s通过测试上面开启的firewalld会导致业务无法访问。, a. o' z% F2 j
这里改变方式使用iptables的规则吧:
# W# t- a. v, r/ u, {9 \- W' E1 o' q V8 b+ F
iptables -A INPUT -s 10.161.53.31/27 -p tcp -m multiport --dports 5900:5999 -m comment --comment "ACCEPT VNC Port only by Controller Node" -j ACCEPT' w3 m) g( w5 s. _' j T
iptables -L4 V" W& N, \2 N8 \, ]2 v
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 5900:5999 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable# P# S& ^7 y( r+ F; ~6 k( r
' F! X: D# K e. f# q* ~
- A; O6 r" q! _' P( n$ w# F) s* S! t) J3 U. H9 G6 l# s7 h
|
|