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centos8安装图形界面相关命令yum groupinstall "Server with GUI" -y3 |9 Y, A! J' H3 @; i
2 E; A u( \/ _; r- F* x(561/1071): pulseaudio-module-x11-13.99.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 485 kB/s | 43 kB 00:00
4 B) j1 T2 g; u% H4 M(562/1071): pulseaudio-utils-13.99.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 82 kB 00:00
* i1 H% U: k' x# v( }% Z2 f(563/1071): python3-bind-9.11.20-5.el8.noarch.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 149 kB 00:00
; a5 A8 M+ W I(564/1071): python3-blivet-3.2.2-6.el8.noarch.rpm 5.7 MB/s | 1.0 MB 00:00 - `% F3 n% M, E+ Y3 f% @; P3 U/ X
(565/1071): python3-blockdev-2.24-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 645 kB/s | 79 kB 00:00 $ b8 b4 L' I/ c' g. v9 w, ^
(566/1071): python3-brlapi-0.6.7-28.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.1 MB/s | 91 kB 00:00 1 j, W Z7 ^; P% g& m' O
(567/1071): podman-2.0.5-5.module_el8.3.0+512+b3b58dca.x86_64.rpm 9.0 MB/s | 13 MB 00:01 / n- `/ ~) z8 b: O6 v- |' p1 k2 r
(568/1071): python3-bytesize-1.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 237 kB/s | 28 kB 00:00
, P) y. G8 t' Z(569/1071): python3-cairo-1.16.3-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 936 kB/s | 90 kB 00:00
M$ f9 h7 i2 f( j$ k( E(570/1071): python3-enchant-2.0.0-3.el8.noarch.rpm 2.2 MB/s | 112 kB 00:00 * s' r2 m9 P$ a \, K! m% L
(571/1071): python3-cups-1.9.72-21.el8.0.1.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 86 kB 00:00 3 i0 G+ y/ T2 a% E4 F. d; {
(572/1071): python3-dasbus-1.2-2.el8.noarch.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 89 kB 00:00
4 J, h5 T* ^4 _! b(573/1071): python3-gobject-3.28.3-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 587 kB/s | 26 kB 00:00 - p1 ]1 L2 z0 H7 L% r8 _& W* y
(574/1071): python3-kickstart-3.16.11-1.el8.noarch.rpm 5.0 MB/s | 441 kB 00:00
$ }. P, ^5 w' R) l8 H `; E( U8 W(575/1071): python3-libreport-2.9.5-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 58 kB 00:00 ' N8 A9 {6 V% h5 z1 E# O1 p5 x
(576/1071): python3-meh-0.47.2-1.el8.noarch.rpm 2.2 MB/s | 110 kB 00:00 , S! y3 G6 R+ ~! K. e. w
(577/1071): python3-louis-2.6.2-21.el8.noarch.rpm 399 kB/s | 20 kB 00:00
) F; C f; k0 n0 i" ~(578/1071): python3-meh-gui-0.47.2-1.el8.noarch.rpm 581 kB/s | 25 kB 00:00 ( R+ a6 o/ G2 x& m
(579/1071): python3-ntplib-0.3.3-10.el8.noarch.rpm 396 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00 + Q3 A1 W9 H- ]1 W0 V' V
(580/1071): python3-langtable-0.0.51-4.el8.noarch.rpm 5.3 MB/s | 1.1 MB 00:00
# f+ X; ?3 u: C8 R(581/1071): python3-ordered-set-2.0.2-4.el8.noarch.rpm 268 kB/s | 17 kB 00:00 2 R, ^# F& f1 Y( ]( V+ Y
(582/1071): python3-pid-2.1.1-7.el8.noarch.rpm 374 kB/s | 23 kB 00:00
/ ]0 G# H ?; x% B3 J! q' E# k. A(583/1071): python3-pip-9.0.3-18.el8.noarch.rpm 401 kB/s | 20 kB 00:00
! i Z8 e0 g& A1 Y, c(584/1071): python3-productmd-1.11-3.el8.noarch.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 76 kB 00:00 . N# _9 A8 F) C( k+ E
(585/1071): python3-pyatspi-2.26.0-6.el8.noarch.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 94 kB 00:00 + T2 E/ J, b& i! ^$ z1 X
(586/1071): python3-pydbus-0.6.0-5.el8.noarch.rpm 1.1 MB/s | 53 kB 00:00 1 a: E4 X2 l5 V- U$ |; B
(587/1071): python3-pycurl-7.43.0.2-4.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.9 MB/s | 227 kB 00:00 ) U5 L5 B9 D- A" W7 U S3 L
(588/1071): python3-pyparted-3.11.0-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 2.0 MB/s | 123 kB 00:00
. |! @1 d0 K U# C(589/1071): python3-pytz-2017.2-9.el8.noarch.rpm 1.1 MB/s | 54 kB 00:00 + [$ d+ y. D+ N; L
(590/1071): python3-pyxdg-0.25-16.el8.noarch.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 94 kB 00:00
3 ]; i$ s/ Y$ k9 |) R9 J8 a(591/1071): python3-requests-file-1.4.3-5.el8.noarch.rpm 319 kB/s | 16 kB 00:00 3 ~6 V7 G2 Y. c* s8 E! {
(592/1071): python3-requests-ftp-0.3.1-11.el8.noarch.rpm 537 kB/s | 23 kB 00:00
i9 M- @: Z3 b3 X4 [(593/1071): python3-speechd-0.8.8-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.0 MB/s | 53 kB 00:00
, b2 L( g4 S) O# s(594/1071): python3-simpleline-1.1.1-2.el8.noarch.rpm 2.0 MB/s | 128 kB 00:00
' Z m4 Y6 W T! @7 M(595/1071): python3-systemd-234-8.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 81 kB 00:00 6 Z9 @) G# g! l3 W; J' x
(596/1071): python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.3.0+562+e162826a.x86_64.rpm 393 kB/s | 19 kB 00:00 * O3 u& Q- @5 J9 T
(597/1071): qemu-guest-agent-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 2.2 MB/s | 228 kB 00:00
: w9 Z; R Y, F; w2 l5 A(598/1071): qemu-img-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 8.4 MB/s | 1.0 MB 00:00
& W+ \4 H7 a+ C/ H' \& U: G6 F(599/1071): qemu-kvm-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 107 kB 00:00 % D$ @ a0 s& a" H
(600/1071): qemu-kvm-block-curl-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 1.8 MB/s | 118 kB 00:00 1 Z2 Q* N0 J0 Y/ N1 X% B0 x% H* o
(601/1071): qemu-kvm-block-gluster-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 2.3 MB/s | 119 kB 00:00 ; Q) k8 y1 b1 ]8 w v
(602/1071): qemu-kvm-block-iscsi-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 2.1 MB/s | 125 kB 00:00
3 ]) D* l1 b' ?/ S. E' @(603/1071): qemu-kvm-block-ssh-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 2.4 MB/s | 120 kB 00:00
5 S5 Z! {4 [9 O& t(604/1071): qemu-kvm-block-rbd-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 1.8 MB/s | 119 kB 00:00
* N5 C$ d: Q( F9 }(605/1071): qpdf-libs-7.1.1-10.el8.x86_64.rpm 4.7 MB/s | 338 kB 00:00 1 i& O- _ Z t- m( C
(606/1071): qemu-kvm-common-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 6.5 MB/s | 1.2 MB 00:00 6 \, k( b& e- B& V
(607/1071): radvd-2.17-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 104 kB 00:00 , S* S2 H# T0 N8 r8 A, h
(608/1071): rsyslog-gnutls-8.1911.0-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 649 kB/s | 31 kB 00:00 8 l7 s; M* p1 t! b6 }, f5 Z
(609/1071): rest-0.8.1-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.2 MB/s | 70 kB 00:00 ' n) m2 o, A, d
(610/1071): rsyslog-relp-8.1911.0-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 722 kB/s | 32 kB 00:00
4 g, M, ^ ~; ?; h- |8 {2 x ~(611/1071): rsyslog-gssapi-8.1911.0-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 637 kB/s | 33 kB 00:00
4 Y* |( H" E7 V4 E# r(612/1071): rtkit-0.11-19.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 61 kB 00:00 ) O. C; F9 C3 R4 X
(613/1071): sane-backends-1.0.27-19.el8_2.1.x86_64.rpm 6.0 MB/s | 795 kB 00:00
$ F% S6 C" C. C& Z G(614/1071): qemu-kvm-core-4.2.0-34.module_el8.3.0+555+a55c8938.x86_64.rpm 6.2 MB/s | 3.4 MB 00:00
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7 V: U& X5 l' C9 L1、安装图形化桌面的软件包： yum groupinstall "Server with GUI" -y
- D7 U' F' U- g. A安装过程比较长，出现以下界面安装完成： xorg-x11-drv-wacom-serial-support-0.38.0-1.el8.x86_64 ( W- Z8 P/ s. d% J" n1 O3 F* o
xorg-x11-font-utils-1:7.5-40.el8.x86_64
" M0 P$ ~) Y9 y4 ]: D xorg-x11-server-Xorg-1.20.8-6.el8.x86_64
% [5 r5 F" z2 a& V xorg-x11-server-Xwayland-1.20.8-6.el8.x86_64
* I8 `% I' p6 d3 {/ B xorg-x11-server-common-1.20.8-6.el8.x86_64 * x2 W. G" ~5 r, ~ Y3 W# o1 W! C
xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-27.el8.x86_64
. r+ j' C3 n1 W, @ ~ xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64
- c2 a7 _; `1 j" C3 r' o6 v xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.0.9-12.el8.x86_64 1 d& k% M) x: ?2 S7 e% w* r% @
xorg-x11-xinit-1.3.4-18.el8.x86_64
- d( l& h0 r. @! A& W3 z/ n$ { xorg-x11-xinit-session-1.3.4-18.el8.x86_64 ; L" M" m7 R4 v" c
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-28.el8.x86_64
( H2 {' O; R- }+ ] yajl-2.1.0-10.el8.x86_64
0 F v) g4 P) @! c' T yelp-2:3.28.1-3.el8.x86_64 , l( ?' }5 d/ z8 p' t2 K+ |
yelp-libs-2:3.28.1-3.el8.x86_64 ( n% z8 p7 k0 N* H' E
yelp-tools-3.28.0-3.el8.noarch
$ z* M6 r6 P$ K5 @ yelp-xsl-3.28.0-2.el8.noarch
2 m# x: f& H( R. P P3 @/ ?7 S5 \ zenity-3.28.1-1.el8.x86_64 ( s# o5 N1 L4 ^3 K5 o, H
zip-3.0-23.el8.x86_64 4 a# e9 y& S' b6 P
L( ^9 Q# @; s" F1 F% @4 Q
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2、输入systemctl get-default查看系统启动模式。multi-user.target（命令行终端），graphical.target（图形化界面） # systemctl get-default multi-user.target ! w3 Q4 u) Z% A3 j, X1 e
3、通过命令更改系统启动模式： systemctl set-default graphical.target 设置默认启动为图形界面，重启后界面会自动是图形窗口了。 systemctl set-default multi-user.target 换回命令界面启动。 成功例如下图： systemctl set-default graphical.target9 T+ ?- D- C: P$ d+ s! e
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
& n9 W9 g S( ^4 f4 W! MCreated symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
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# systemctl get-default
3 e3 M5 Q4 h$ G: Vgraphical.target$ A3 m* d/ x0 z; R3 P# ^2 h
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e# W- h: k) E ^8 B! u1 _5 W 4、重启以后界面生效（reboot）:
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[root@compute ~]# reboot
* m7 U1 @& t. q- I- N/ }- ~# D$ p' n' A+ m. M( E2 u# m/ M
Connection closed by foreign host.7 l2 W9 u$ Y% N D3 d9 [2 c U
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