ext3升ext4

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  一台文件存储服务器单目录下子目录已经突破31998数限制，造成无法继续创建子目录，服务器系统环境为CentOS5.4 内核版本为2.6.18。解决方案只能是升级到ext4文件系统，首先到https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Ext4_Howto查了一下资料，文中的第一句便是“Ext4 was released as a functionally complete and stable filesystem in Linux 2.6.28”。难道只能升级内核一条路了吗？当然不是：）呵呵，下面总结本人实施/www分区从ext3升级至ext4步骤供大家参考。

' B; ]3 F$ F8 E3 o1 x$ r一、升级前状态
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
+ d! k% X" b, b, C8 b( u/dev/sda2             20315844   2342008  16925196  13% /
/dev/sda5            129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www
9 }& [; F  Z8 ^+ p/dev/sda1               194442     17798    166605  10% /boot
* W4 W% T  i& X7 E1 p% m% ctmpfs                  1029680         0   1029680   0% /dev/shm


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, X! r# W8 d) S8 a无任何信息返回，说明/dev/sda5的ext4特征没有激活
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[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
[root@USER-SERVER ~]#
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安装所需包
" d& K4 {1 \: G+ X3 n9 V源码安装：
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+ q2 F/ O9 R2 r# @. t# e3 `- Lwget http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/ ... rogs-1.41.12.tar.gz
( M# u* G/ u( B- q( Btar zxvf e2fsprogs-1.41.12.tar.gz; cd e2fsprogs-1.41.12
. |6 ~2 o) ]7 z0 C# s, A! w, E9 R./configure
7 V6 ^6 |6 R1 m! E% {$ X; Nmake;make install


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RPM安装：
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yum -y install e2fsprogs


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二、制作引导镜像
$ [& e* F% H: b$ c查找并加载相应的模块，如只需ext4支持，可将--with=ext3去掉
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[root@USER-SERVER boot]# mv /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img.old
/ S1 z; f7 }% w% r1 Z( n* E; P8 ][root@USER-SERVER boot]# mkinitrd -v --with=ext4 --with=ext3 /boot/initrd-`uname -r`.img `uname -r`
Creating initramfs
; n" A2 V* m1 ?  a; OLooking for deps of module ehci-hcd
( o  W& V$ U! D. ?; l, |" a$ nLooking for deps of module ohci-hcd
Looking for deps of module uhci-hcd
5 t5 L  H+ x  N- rLooking for deps of module ext3: jbd
8 a7 L+ F9 h4 S/ [* T: Y. uLooking for deps of module jbd
Found root device sda2 for LABEL=/
7 W5 e1 U% s1 O2 P5 z: wLooking for driver for device sda2
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
6 @# Q  ]/ _! z  r. _% ^Looking for deps of module scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module sd_mod: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module libata: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ata_piix: scsi_mod libata
Looking for driver for device sda3
Looking for deps of module pci:v00008086d00002680sv000017AAsd00006B7Cbc01sc01i8f: scsi_mod libata ata_piix
Looking for deps of module usb-storage: scsi_mod
Looking for deps of module ide-disk
- {* |  a; \' O' q# u9 HLooking for deps of module dm-mem-cache
Looking for deps of module dm-region_hash: dm-mod dm-log
% S: b' C* [2 b0 r9 y+ S/ SLooking for deps of module dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-log: dm-mod
Looking for deps of module dm-message
* A/ ^/ z9 |. F1 b' |Looking for deps of module dm-raid45: dm-message dm-mod dm-mem-cache dm-log dm-region_hash
# b' T- v% _" c9 kLooking for deps of module ext4: crc16 jbd2
Looking for deps of module crc16
Looking for deps of module jbd2
( \: S; {8 k6 b6 NUsing modules:  /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko
/sbin/nash -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/nash
/sbin/insmod.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/insmod
9 N& X& F. i2 Y) V6 I3 [" Tcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ehci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
% E$ @7 h! r+ ccopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ohci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/host/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/uhci-hcd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
, h( `7 r2 S2 d3 ]( n& Acopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
  U) W" v" Z" c) Gcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext3/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext3.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/scsi_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
, O6 ]7 \' u5 F) Vcopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/scsi/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/sd_mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/libata.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
" j9 F) F0 ?5 N. s; Ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/ata/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ata_piix.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/usb/storage/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/usb-storage.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mem-cache.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-mod.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-log.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
, j9 @+ M/ u( ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-region_hash.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
0 G: {( k- s) v# K# \copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-message.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/drivers/md/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/dm-raid45.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
copy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/crc16.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
/ A( y& Y4 i: O2 {9 m& ?3 acopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/jbd2/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/jbd2.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
4 F5 o7 j: G7 `3 w8 ncopy from `/lib/modules/2.6.18-164.15.1.el5/kernel/fs/ext4/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64] to `/tmp/initrd.qO3680/lib/ext4.ko' [elf64-x86-64]
% l! M( v1 S/ c, B6 o: Z8 A/sbin/dmraid.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/dmraid
/sbin/kpartx.static -> /tmp/initrd.qO3680/bin/kpartx
Adding module ehci-hcd
Adding module ohci-hcd
Adding module uhci-hcd
Adding module jbd
Adding module ext3
* V# O0 N9 Z9 r6 t6 a. e8 e* U2 GAdding module scsi_mod
Adding module sd_mod
2 k" |# I' C8 [' j# Y1 D( P6 H$ PAdding module libata
# S* B8 a. [3 q# c" QAdding module ata_piix
Adding module usb-storage
) g! o2 }: O% m- x1 @Adding module dm-mem-cache
" r9 }6 I1 g% x2 a2 OAdding module dm-mod
Adding module dm-log
  Q8 {: E( N! t0 b# I4 u$ s$ F" KAdding module dm-region_hash
" F1 k, R& _! x) m/ N% sAdding module dm-message
6 O; g9 Q: {4 F/ C, V! Y- LAdding module dm-raid45
Adding module crc16
# A, q6 r5 P3 OAdding module jbd2
Adding module ext4
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% f3 a9 N! @9 s) S


5 K6 q* J4 M3 a& R9 `$ x重启
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# reboot

& Q  t- D- u1 C8 C. S三、格式转换
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# umount  /dev/sda5
[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -O has_journal,extents,huge_file,flex_bg,uninit_bg,dir_nlink,extra_isize /dev/sda5
5 c$ N/ w2 h7 J0 E  s5 W: P8 _5 |引用

tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run e2fsck on the filesystem.
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/ e' T1 I& l4 [* k9 u/ l' {2 L四、修改转换文件系统错误并挂载
; f# C: E1 {3 w# E8 ~[root@USER-SERVER ~]# e2fsck -fDC0 /dev/sda5 -y
2 ~* D. a0 U) ]; |( p& k[root@USER-SERVER ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda5 /www

# ~# c# H1 Q2 b& ]6 p五、修改文件系统信息(重要！否则重启后会还原为ext3)
  M) K, w5 X/ e4 H$ d将
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext3    defaults        1 2
修改为
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
. s& \) c3 J; d2 {+ I[root@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
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8 f+ G) f9 N3 k" u, `! Poot@USER-SERVER ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/www              /www                    ext4    defaults        1 2
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
% k0 o% i1 f+ @tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
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六、升级后状态
ext4的特征全激活了：）
* t: X9 |/ ?5 E, H  u( Y#[root@USER-SERVER ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 | grep extent
引用

Filesystem features:      has_journal resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
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+ v- b" n$ v% R1 k[root@USER-SERVER ~]# df -T
引用

+ N  v, k5 q0 ^) b+ a8 B7 TFilesystem    Type   1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
) U7 z) r1 _: h+ W6 L% u9 ^/dev/sda2     ext3    20315844   2310764  16956440  12% /
/dev/sda1     ext3      194442     20563    163840  12% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs     1029672         0   1029672   0% /dev/shm
! a$ R9 V" n: G6 p. y* \/dev/sda5     ext4   129863460    192192 122968152   1% /www

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admin

Force fsck on boot using
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+ b( q7 H  I# L* a$ {" w# \/forcefsckBy creating

/forcefsck file you will force the Linux system (or rc scripts) to perform a full file system

check. First, login as the root user:$ su -OR

$ sudo -s
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Change directory to root (/)

directory [optional]:

# cd /
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Create a file called forcefsck:
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4 e' t. |, y+ s9 I8 S5 {# touch /forcefsck

' A. }& r' e5 B0 vNow, reboot the system: